Tao Te Ching

Tao Te Ching
Ink on silk manuscript of the Tao Te Ching – from Mawangdui (2nd century BC)
AuthorLaozi (trad.)[1]
LanguageClassical Chinese
SubjectPhilosophy
Publication date
4th century BC
Publication placeChina
Published in English
1868
Original text
Tao Te Ching at Chinese Wikisource
TranslationTao Te Ching at Wikisource
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese道德經
Simplified Chinese道德经
Literal meaning"Classic of the Way and Virtue"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDào Dé Jīng
Bopomofoㄉㄠˋ   ㄉㄜˊ   ㄐㄧㄥ
Wade–GilesTao42 Ching1
Yale RomanizationDàu Dé Jīng
IPA[tâʊ tɤ̌ tɕíŋ]
Wu
RomanizationDau Teh Cin
Hakka
RomanizationTau4 Dêd5 Gin1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationDouh Dāk Gīng
JyutpingDou6 Dak1 Ging1
IPA[tɔw˨ tɐk̚˥ kɪŋ˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTō Tek Keng
Tâi-lôTō Tik King
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineseDɑuX Tək̚ Keŋ
Old Chinese
Baxter (1992)*luʔ tɨk keng
Baxter–Sagart (2014)*[kə.l]ˤuʔ tˤək k-lˤeŋ
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese老子
Literal meaning"The Old Master"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLǎozǐ
Bopomofoㄌㄠˇㄗˇ
Wade–GilesLao3 Tzŭ3
Yale RomanizationLǎudž
IPA[lǎʊ tsɹ̩̀]
Wu
SuzhouneseLâ-tsỳ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationLóuhjí
JyutpingLou5zi2
IPA[lɔw˩˧.tsi˧˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLó-chú
Tâi-lôLó-tsú
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)*C.rˤuʔ tsəʔ
Second alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese道德真經
Simplified Chinese道德真经
Literal meaning"Sutra of the Way and Its Power"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDàodé Zhēnjīng
Bopomofoㄉㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄓㄣ ㄐㄧㄥ
Wade–GilesTao4> Tê2 Chên1 Ching1
Yale RomanizationDàudé Jēnjīng
IPA[tâʊ tɤ̌ ʈʂə́n tɕíŋ]
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)*[kə.l]ˤuʔ tˤək ti[n] k-lˤeŋ

The Tao Te Ching[note 1] (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经) or Laozi is a Chinese classic text and foundational work of Taoism traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship, date of composition and date of compilation are debated.[7] The oldest excavated portion dates to the late 4th century BC.[8]

The Tao Te Ching is central to both philosophical and religious Taoism, and has been highly influential to Chinese philosophy and religious practice in general. It is generally taken as preceding the Zhuangzi, the other core Taoist text,[8] as suggested by the Zhuangzi itself.[9] Terminology originating within the text has been reinterpreted and elaborated upon by Legalist thinkers, Confucianists, and particularly Chinese Buddhists, which had been introduced to China significantly after the initial solidification of Taoist thought. The text is well known in the West, and is one of the most translated texts in world literature.[8]

  1. ^ Ellwood, Robert S. (2008), "Lao-tzu (Laozi)", The Encyclopedia of World Religions, Infobase, p. 262, ISBN 978-1-4381-1038-7
  2. ^ "Tao Te Ching". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  3. ^ Julien (1842), p. ii.
  4. ^ Chalmers (1868), p. v
  5. ^ Legge & al. (1891).
  6. ^ Suzuki & al. (1913).
  7. ^ Eliade (1984), p. 26
  8. ^ a b c Chan (2013).
  9. ^ Hansen 1992, p. 345.


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