Tauber is a river in Germany. It is also the surname of:
- Alfred Tauber (1866–1942), Austrian mathematician
- Alfred I. Tauber (born 1947), American philosopher and historian
- Bernd Tauber (born 1950), German actor
- Henryk Tauber (1917-2000), Polish Jewish Holocaust survivor
- Maria Anna Tauber, Austrian soprano
- Mathias Tauber (born 1984), Danish footballer
- Maurice Tauber (1908-1980), American librarian
- Nick Tauber, British record producer
- Nicolás Tauber (born 1980), Argentine-Israeli footballer
- Olga Von Tauber (1907-2002), Austrian-American psychiatrist
- Peter Tauber (born 1974), German politician
- Richard Tauber (1891–1948), Viennese tenor (born Ernst Seiffert)
- Sophie Tauber (1889–1943), Swiss artist
- Ulrike Tauber (born 1958), German swimmer
- William C. Tauber, American entrepreneur
- Yanki Tauber (born 1965), Jewish writer