Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi

Tehreek Nafaz Shariat Mohammadi
تحریک نفاذ شریعت محمدی
Movement for the Enforcement of Muhammadan Law
FounderMuhammad bin Alhazrat Hassan (POW)
LeadersSufi Muhammad (POW)
(1992–2002)
Fazal Hayat †
(2002–2018)
Dates of operation1992–present
Split fromJamaat-e-Islami Pakistan[1]
Active regionsPakistan
IdeologyIslamic extremism
Islamism[2]
Part of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2007)[3]
Alliesal-Qaeda
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan[4]
Battles and warsWar on Terror
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Designated as a terrorist group by Pakistan
 United States
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Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM, Urdu: تحریک نفاذ شریعت محمدی, lit. 'Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Law') is an Islamic extremist militant group. The group swore an oath of loyalty to Pakistani Taliban and become the part of it in 2007 aftermath the siege of Lal Masjid. The group's stated objective is to overthrow the Pakistani government and enforce Sharia law in Pakistan.[6]

The group took over much of Swat in 2007. It was founded by Sufi Muhammad in 1992, and was banned by President Pervez Musharraf on January 12, 2002.[5]

The organization is based in the areas along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border,[7] especially Dir, Swat, Thana and Malakand[6] but including Dargai and Chenagai. It supports the Afghan Taliban, Pakistani Taliban and al-Qaeda based militants in neighbouring Afghanistan.[8] It has been described as "one of the most dangerous religious militant groups in Pakistan."[7] The head of the organisation, Sufi Muhammad (1933-2019), was freed in 2008 after he renounced violence.[9][10]

  1. ^ Nasir, Sohail Abdul (17 May 2006). "Religious Organization TNSM Re-Emerges in Pakistan". Terrorism Focus. 3 (19). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  2. ^ "Pakistan's militant Islamic groups". BBC. 13 January 2002. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  3. ^ King, Laura (24 February 2009). "Confusion hangs over Pakistan's pact with Taliban". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
  4. ^ Pakistan. Mapping Militants. Stanford University.
  5. ^ a b "Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, Extremist Group of Pakistan". SATP. Archived from the original on 2007-05-25. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  6. ^ a b Khan, Riaz. "Inside rebel Pakistan cleric's domain" Archived 2009-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press report, as it appeared at USA Today Website, October 27, 2007, accessed November 7, 2007
  7. ^ a b Hassan Abbas (12 April 2006). "The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  8. ^ "DARGAI & CHENAGAI: WAITING TO HEAR ZAWAHIRI'S VERSION - INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM MONITOR: PAPER NO. 152". South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from the original on 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference bbcnews1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Toosi, Nahal (2009-02-15). "Taliban to cease fire in Pakistan's Swat Valley". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-15.