Temazepam

Temazepam
Clinical data
Trade namesRestoril, Normison, Nortem, others
Other names3-Hydroxydiazepam
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684003
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Dependence
liability		High[1][unreliable medical source?]
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classBenzodiazepine
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability96%
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-life8–20 hours
Duration of action≤8 hours[7]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.011.535 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H13ClN2O2
Molar mass300.74 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN1C2=C(C(C3=CC=CC=C3)=NC(O)C1=O)C=C(Cl)C=C2
  • InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-19-13-8-7-11(17)9-12(13)14(18-15(20)16(19)21)10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9,15,20H,1H3 checkY
  • Key:SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Temazepam, sold under the brand name Restoril among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia.[8] It is taken by mouth.[8] Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypnotic effects begin in less than 30 minutes and can last for up to eight hours.[9][7] Prescriptions for hypnotics such as temazepam have seen a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam have increased or remained stable.[10] Temazepam and similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion) are generally reserved for severe and debilitating insomnia. They have largely been replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, zolpidem) and atypical antidepressants (trazodone, mirtazapine) as first line treatment for insomnia.[8]

Common side effects include drowsiness, vivid dreams, motor and cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, and dizziness.[8] Serious side effects may include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, abuse, anaphylaxis, and suicide.[8] Use is generally not recommended together with alcohol or opioids.[8] If the dose is rapidly decreased withdrawal may occur.[8] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.[11] Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and hypnotic.[8][7] It works by affecting GABA within the brain.[8]

Temazepam was patented in 1962 and came into medical use in 1969.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[13] In 2021, it was the 208th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[14][15]

  1. ^ "Temazepam". www.drugbank.ca. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  2. ^ Temaze temazepam 10mg tablet bottle (63863)
  3. ^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  4. ^ "Temazepam Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Temazepam 10mg/5ml Oral Solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 April 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  6. ^ "Restoril- temazepam capsule". DailyMed. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Collins SR (2015). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 193. ISBN 9780323358286.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Temazepam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference monograph was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Breen CL, Degenhardt LJ, Bruno RB, Roxburgh AD, Jenkinson R (September 2004). "The effects of restricting publicly subsidised temazepam capsules on benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users in Australia". The Medical Journal of Australia. 181 (6): 300–304. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06293.x. PMID 15377238. S2CID 6870892.
  11. ^ "Temazepam (Restoril) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  12. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 537. ISBN 9783527607495.
  13. ^ British national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 481. ISBN 9780857113382.
  14. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.