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parameter "2", text parameter, is empty

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This template is used on approximately 2,400 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

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This template employs intricate features of template syntax.

You are encouraged to familiarise yourself with its setup and parser functions before editing the template. If your edit causes unexpected problems, please undo it quickly, as this template may appear on a large number of pages.
You can conduct experiments, and should test all major changes, in either this template's sandbox, the general template sandbox, or your user space before changing anything here.

Other alternatives are available through {{Ref}}, {{Note}}, {{Ref label}}, {{Note label}}, {{Cref}}, {{Cnote}}, and so on. This template is the most comprehensive. Articles are often built upon precedent, how one article serves as an example for another. For a list of articles that use this template, see What Links Here.

This template is used in together with:

Template:Cref2
Template:Cnote2
Template:Cnote2 Begin
Template:Cnote2 End

Purpose

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This template is used to supplement the <reference /> tag, which does not provide options for: (1) list style, (2) list sequence, (3) hidden groupings, and (4) nesting. It is designed for explanatory notes, however, it may also be used for referencing.

The Footnotes system now includes:

list style— WP:CITELABEL
groups— WP:REFGROUP
nesting— WP:REFNEST

Parameters

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Cref2

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Cref2 is placed inline with the text; there are three parameters. The first parameter is required, the last two are optional.

The first parameter is the target, and must correspond with the one used for Cnote2.
The second optional parameter specifies the occurrence; for example, some articles require more than one inline cref to be placed in the text. Number the Cref2 in the order that they occur, starting at one; the limit is six for style purposes.
The third optional parameter is the group from which the inline item belongs. For example, group of Cnote2 and Cref2, apply the group parameter to distinguish between each individual group.

{{Cref2|N}}

^[N]

If there are more than one Cref2 that needs to link to the "A" Cnote2, apply the second "occurrence" parameter.

first occurrence{{Cref2|A|1}} second occurrence{{Cref2|A|2}}

first occurrence^[A] second occurrence^[A]

If there are two groups of Cref2, you may either: (1) apply a slightly more descriptive "target", or (2) use the "group" parameter.

long target name;{{Cref2|nb N}} first group first occurrence;{{Cref2|N|group=1}}
second group first occurrence{{Cref2|N|1|group=2}} second{{Cref2|N|2|group=2}}

long target name;^{[nb N]} first group first occurrence;^[N] second group first occurrence^[N] second^[N]

Cnote2

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Cnote2 has five parameters: (1) the target, (2) the text, (3) the number, (4) the value (5) the group. The first two are required. The last three are optional. Each Cnote2 may be separated by a maximum of one line of whitespace; smaller lists may not require this separation, larger more complex lists may benefit from greater readability.

The target, which comes first, specifies which inline item, and should correspond with the Cref2 it will be linking to. The text specifies the content of the note. If any of these two required parameters are empty, an error message will appear.

Occasionally an article may have multiple inline occurrences. For example, a reference or explanatory note may be used more than once. Cnote2 is different from Cref2. "n=" the number of occurrences of Cref2. For example, if there are two occurrences, then n=2. In some cases it may be desired to remove all links to an inline occurrence, similar to either turning off the "backlinks" in Cite.php, or giving the feel of a regular list; in these cases set n=0.

{{Cnote2 Begin}}
{{Cnote2|A|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|B|2= do this if you need to use an equal sign}}
{{Cnote2|C|n=1|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|D|n=6|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|E|n=3|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|F|n=0|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

^
text text text text
^
do this if you need to use an equal sign
^
text text text text
^ ^{a b c d e f}
text text text text
^ ^{a b c}
text text text text
text text text text

The fourth parameter, value=, allows the editor to interrupt the sequence from which the listed items are numbered or lettered. For example, by default the order of list item goes A, B, C, D, E, F, G... or if the list style is numbered then 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7... Pass a positive non-zero integer into the value= to change this sequence. For example, if a 3 was passed into the second Cnote2 then the order would go A, C, D, E, F, G, H... or 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8...

{{Cnote2 Begin}}
{{Cnote2|G|n=3|value=7|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|H|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|I|n=2|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|J|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

^ ^{a b c}
text text text text
^
text text text text
^ ^{a b}
text text text text
^
text text text text

Some very large articles require more than one Cnote2 or Cref2 list. This parameter, group= may be accomplished with a more descriptive target, however to (1) reduce potential confusion between lists and (2) remain consistent and not change the appearance of the inline cref. Pass a string of character or character into the group parameter.

text{{Cref2|A|group=1}} text{{Cref2|B|group=1}}
text{{Cref2|A|group=2}} text{{Cref2|B|group=2}}

{{Cnote2 Begin}}
{{Cnote2|A|group=1|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|B|group=1|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

{{Cnote2 Begin}}
{{Cnote2|A|n=3|group=2|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|B|n=5|group=2|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

text^[A] text^[B] text^[A] text^[B]

^
text text text text
^
text text text text

^ ^{a b c}
text text text text
^ ^{a b c d e}
text text text text

Cnote2 Begin

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Cnote2 Begin, similar to {{Refbegin}} has two parameters.

colwidth enter the width of the dynamic column, such as 30em; this only works for certain web browsers. (Note, rather than using colwidth, you can specify the number of columns exactly by replacing the colwidth=30em with either a "2" or "3".)
liststyle enter the list style you wish to use, the default is upper-alpha.

{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-roman|colwidth=30em}}
{{Cnote2|I|text text text text|group=roman sample}}
{{Cnote2|II|text text text text|group=roman sample}}
{{Cnote2|III|text text text text|group=roman sample}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

^
text text text text
^
text text text text
^
text text text text

{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=decimal-leading-zero|2}}
{{Cnote2|01|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|02|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2|03|text text text text}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

^
text text text text
^
text text text text
^
text text text text

Cnote2 End

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Place {{Cnote2 End}} at the end of the Cnote2 list.

Example

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Basic

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The Cnote2 template system is used similar to the <reference /> tag. Place Cref2 inline and the Cnote2 in the standard appendicies. Remember to always keep Cnote2 in order, otherwise this may be confusing to the reader.

Austen's artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she
was about thirty-five years old. During this period, she experimented
with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she
tried and then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major
novels and began a fourth.{{Cref2|i}} Austen's works critique the novels of
sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of
the transition to nineteenth-century realism.{{Cref2|ii}}

...

{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=lower-roman|colwidth=40em}}
{{Cnote2|i|These included the original versions of and revisions to
the novels later published as Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice
and Northanger Abbey, and a novel fragment, The Watsons}}
{{Cnote2|ii|Oliver MacDonagh says that Sense and Sensibility "may
well be the first English realistic novel" based on its detailed
and accurate portrayal of what he calls "getting and spending"
in an English gentry family.}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

Austen's artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about thirty-five years old. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried and then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth.^[i] Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism.^[ii]

...

^
These included the original versions of and revisions to
the novels later published as Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice
and Northanger Abbey, and a novel fragment, The Watsons
^
Oliver MacDonagh says that Sense and Sensibility "may
well be the first English realistic novel" based on its detailed and accurate portrayal of what he calls "getting and spending"
in an English gentry family.

Multiple occurrences

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References or explanatory notes should not be overused, the limit is six for style reasons. Often if the number of occurrences exceed six, editors often "turn-off the back links"; to do so in Cnote2 set n=0. This example demonstrates two occurrences and a possible use of whitespace.

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the
Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century
and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased
0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the last century.{{cref2|1|1}}
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that
anthropogenic greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed
temperature increase since the middle of the twentieth century,{{cref2|1|2}}
and that natural phenomena such as solar variation and volcanoes
probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to
1950 and a small cooling effect afterward.{{cref2|2|1}}{{cref2|3}}

...

{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=decimal|2}}

{{Cnote2|1|n=2|{{cite web
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf 
|author=IPCC
|format=PDF
|title=Summary for Policymakers
|date=2007
|publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}}}}

{{Cnote2|2|{{cite web
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf 
|format=PDF
|title=Understanding and Attributing Climate Change
|date=2007
|publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|last=Hegerl
|first=Gabriele C.}}}}

{{Cnote2|3|{{cite journal
|last=Ammann
|first=Caspar
|date=2007
|journal=PNAS
|title=Solar influence on climate during the past millennium
|doi=10.1073/pnas.0605064103
|pmid=17360418
|pmc=1810336|display-authors=etal}}}}

{{Cnote2 End}}

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the last century.^[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that anthropogenic greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the twentieth century,^[1] and that natural phenomena such as solar variation and volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect afterward.^[2]^[3]

...

^ ^{a b}
IPCC (2007). "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
^
Hegerl, Gabriele C. (2007). "Understanding and Attributing Climate Change" (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
^
Ammann, Caspar; et al. (2007). "Solar influence on climate during the past millennium". PNAS. 104 (10): 3713–3718. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605064103. PMC 1810336. PMID 17360418.

Value and group

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See Template:Cnote2/example, for the code see edit. The author would like to congratulate the reader for completing Wikipedia's Lesson on Template:Cnote2. If you want more examples beyond those above and the associated linked exampled, a list of articles that use this template is available.

References

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The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Cnote2/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

Template:Cnote2

Purpose

Parameters

Cref2

Cnote2

Cnote2 Begin

Cnote2 End

Example

Basic

Multiple occurrences

Value and group

See also

References