Template:Infobox gene/testcases

INS
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1A7F, 1AI0, 1AIY, 1B9E, 1BEN, 1EV3, 1EV6, 1EVR, 1FU2, 1FUB, 1G7A, 1G7B, 1GUJ, 1HIQ, 1HIS, 1HIT, 1HLS, 1HTV, 1HUI, 1IOG, 1IOH, 1J73, 1JCA, 1JCO, 1K3M, 1KMF, 1LKQ, 1LPH, 1MHI, 1MHJ, 1MSO, 1OS3, 1OS4, 1Q4V, 1QIY, 1QIZ, 1QJ0, 1RWE, 1SF1, 1T1K, 1T1P, 1T1Q, 1TRZ, 1TYL, 1TYM, 1UZ9, 1VKT, 1W8P, 1XDA, 1XGL, 1XW7, 1ZEG, 1ZEH, 1ZNJ, 2AIY, 2C8Q, 2C8R, 2CEU, 2H67, 2HH4, 2HHO, 2HIU, 2JMN, 2JUM, 2JUU, 2JUV, 2JV1, 2JZQ, 2K91, 2K9R, 2KJJ, 2KJU, 2KQQ, 2KXK, 2L1Y, 2L1Z, 2LGB, 2M1D, 2M1E, 2M2M, 2M2N, 2M2O, 2M2P, 2OLY, 2OLZ, 2OM0, 2OM1, 2OMG, 2OMH, 2OMI, 2QIU, 2R34, 2R35, 2R36, 2RN5, 2VJZ, 2VK0, 2W44, 2WBY, 2WC0, 2WRU, 2WRV, 2WRW, 2WRX, 2WS0, 2WS1, 2WS4, 2WS6, 2WS7, 3AIY, 3BXQ, 3E7Y, 3E7Z, 3EXX, 3FQ9, 3I3Z, 3I40, 3ILG, 3INC, 3IR0, 3Q6E, 3ROV, 3TT8, 3U4N, 3UTQ, 3UTS, 3UTT, 3V19, 3V1G, 3W11, 3W12, 3W13, 3W7Y, 3W7Z, 3W80, 3ZI3, 3ZQR, 3ZS2, 3ZU1, 4AIY, 4AJX, 4AJZ, 4AK0, 4AKJ, 4EFX, 4EWW, 4EWX, 4EWZ, 4EX0, 4EX1, 4EXX, 4EY1, 4EY9, 4EYD, 4EYN, 4EYP, 4F0N, 4F0O, 4F1A, 4F1B, 4F1C, 4F1D, 4F1F, 4F1G, 4F4T, 4F4V, 4F51, 4F8F, 4FG3, 4FKA, 4GBC, 4GBI, 4GBK, 4GBL, 4GBN, 4IUZ, 5AIY, 2LWZ, 3JSD, 3KQ6, 3P2X, 3P33, 1JK8, 2MLI, 2MPG, 2MPI, 2MVC, 2MVD, 4CXL, 4CXN, 4CY7, 4NIB, 4OGA, 4P65, 4Q5Z, 4RXW, 4UNE, 4UNG, 4UNH, 4XC4, 4WDI, 4Z76, 4Z77, 4Z78, 2N2W, 5CO6, 5ENA, 4Y19, 5BQQ, 5BOQ, 2N2V, 5CNY, 5CO9, 5EN9, 4Y1A, 2N2X, 5BPO, 5CO2, 5BTS, 5HYJ, 5C0D,%%s1EFE, 1SJT, 1SJU, 2KQP,%%s1T0C,%%s2G54, 2G56, 3HYD, 2OMQ
Identifiers
Aliases	INS, IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10, insulin, PNDM4
External IDs	OMIM: 176730; MGI: 96573; HomoloGene: 173; GeneCards: INS; OMA:INS - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	2,161,221 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	142,297,118 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	beta cell; ; body of pancreas; ; right lobe of liver; ; right adrenal gland; ; left adrenal gland; ; left adrenal cortex; ; right adrenal cortex; ; ectocervix; ; Descending thoracic aorta; ; left uterine tube;
	Top expressed in
	islet of Langerhans; ; pyloric antrum; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; Epithelium of choroid plexus; ; human fetus; ; yolk sac; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; embryo; ; secondary oocyte; ; primordial pancreas;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	insulin receptor binding; identical protein binding; protease binding; insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; protein binding; hormone activity;
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum lumen; transport vesicle; Golgi membrane; secretory granule lumen; Golgi lumen; endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; endosome lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of cell differentiation; MAPK cascade; positive regulation of respiratory burst; positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling; negative regulation of protein oligomerization; positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of glycolytic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation; activation of protein kinase B activity; wound healing; positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; negative regulation of feeding behavior; positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion; negative regulation of protein catabolic process; positive regulation of cell migration; acute-phase response; regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process; negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; positive regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process; positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; glucose metabolic process; negative regulation of acute inflammatory response; negative regulation of protein secretion; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; glucose homeostasis; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; fatty acid homeostasis; positive regulation of protein metabolic process; regulation of transmembrane transporter activity; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis; negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; regulation of protein localization; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; carbohydrate metabolic process; negative regulation of proteolysis; alpha-beta T cell activation; positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus; positive regulation of glucose import; insulin receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of gene expression; regulation of signaling receptor activity; positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; regulation of synaptic plasticity; cognition; positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance; regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane; negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process; neuron projection maintenance; response to L-arginine; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3630
	16334
	ENSG00000254647
	ENSMUSG00000000215
	P01308
	P01326
	NM_000207; NM_001185097; NM_001185098; NM_001291897
	NM_001185083; NM_001185084; NM_008387
NP_000198; NP_001172026; NP_001172027; NP_001278826; NP_000198.1;
	NP_001172026.1; NP_001172027.1; NP_001278826.1; NP_000198; NP_000198; NP_000198; NP_000198
	NP_001172012; NP_001172013; NP_032413
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

DRD1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1OZ5
Identifiers
Aliases	DRD1 (HUGO), dopamine receptor D1, DADR, DRD1A
External IDs	OMIM: 126449 MGI: 99578 HomoloGene: 30992 GeneCards: DRD1 OMA: DRD1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
	Chromosome: 5 (human)
End	175,444,182 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
	Chromosome: 13 (mouse)
End	54,209,724 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	caudate nucleus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; putamen; ; gonad; ; prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; cingulate gyrus; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; right frontal lobe; ; Brodmann area 46;
	Top expressed in
	nucleus accumbens; ; dorsal striatum; ; olfactory tubercle; ; globus pallidus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; temporal lobe; ; amygdala; ; neural layer of retina; ; urethra; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity; dopamine binding; protein binding ; dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs; G protein-coupled receptor activity; signal transducer activity; G-protein alpha-subunit binding;
Cell component	membrane; nucleus ; endoplasmic reticulum ; integral component of membrane; plasma membrane ; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; ciliary membrane; endomembrane system ; non-motile cilium; glutamatergic synapse; GABA-ergic synapse; integral component of postsynaptic membrane; integral component of presynaptic membrane; dendritic spine ; dendrite ; cell projection; cilium ;
Biological process	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway; muscle contraction ; protein import into nucleus; positive regulation of potassium ion transport; response to amphetamine; learning ; feeding behavior; long-term depression ; temperature homeostasis; striatum development; prepulse inhibition ; response to cocaine; grooming behavior ; behavioral response to cocaine; locomotory behavior; dentate gyrus development; transmission of nerve impulse; memory ; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; synapse assembly ; habituation ; adult walking behavior; peristalsis ; cellular response to catecholamine stimulus; adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; associative learning ; astrocyte development; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; mating behavior; behavioral fear response; activation of adenylate cyclase activity; dopamine receptor signaling pathway; conditioned taste aversion ; cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration; glucose import; visual learning ; sensitization; positive regulation of cell migration; operant conditioning ; vasodilation ; regulation of dopamine metabolic process; dopamine metabolic process; phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; maternal behavior; dopamine transport; hippocampus development; neuronal action potential; long-term potentiation ; signal transduction ; synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; positive regulation of gene expression; cellular response to dopamine; regulation of protein phosphorylation; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1812
	13488
	ENSG00000184845
	ENSMUSG00000021478
	P21728
	Q61616
	NM_000794
	NM_001291801; NM_010076
	NP_000785
	NP_001278730; NP_034206
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human gene	View/Edit Mouse gene

DRD1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1OZ5
Identifiers
Aliases	DRD1, dopamine receptor D1, DADR, DRD1A
External IDs	OMIM: 126449; MGI: 99578; HomoloGene: 30992; GeneCards: DRD1; OMA:DRD1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	175,444,182 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	54,209,724 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	caudate nucleus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; putamen; ; gonad; ; prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9; ; cingulate gyrus; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; right frontal lobe; ; Brodmann area 46;
	Top expressed in
	nucleus accumbens; ; dorsal striatum; ; olfactory tubercle; ; globus pallidus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; temporal lobe; ; amygdala; ; neural layer of retina; ; urethra; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity; dopamine binding; protein binding; dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs; G protein-coupled receptor activity; signal transducer activity; G-protein alpha-subunit binding;
Cellular component	membrane; nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum; integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; ciliary membrane; endomembrane system; non-motile cilium; glutamatergic synapse; GABA-ergic synapse; integral component of postsynaptic membrane; integral component of presynaptic membrane; dendritic spine; dendrite; cell projection; cilium;
Biological process	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway; muscle contraction; protein import into nucleus; positive regulation of potassium ion transport; response to amphetamine; learning; feeding behavior; long-term depression; temperature homeostasis; striatum development; prepulse inhibition; response to cocaine; grooming behavior; behavioral response to cocaine; locomotory behavior; dentate gyrus development; transmission of nerve impulse; memory; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; synapse assembly; habituation; adult walking behavior; peristalsis; cellular response to catecholamine stimulus; adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; associative learning; astrocyte development; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; mating behavior; behavioral fear response; activation of adenylate cyclase activity; dopamine receptor signaling pathway; conditioned taste aversion; cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration; glucose import; visual learning; sensitization; positive regulation of cell migration; operant conditioning; vasodilation; regulation of dopamine metabolic process; dopamine metabolic process; phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; maternal behavior; dopamine transport; hippocampus development; neuronal action potential; long-term potentiation; signal transduction; synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; positive regulation of gene expression; cellular response to dopamine; regulation of protein phosphorylation; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1812
	13488
	ENSG00000184845
	ENSMUSG00000021478
	P21728
	Q61616
	NM_000794
	NM_001291801; NM_010076
	NP_000785
	NP_001278730; NP_034206
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

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Old versus new

INS

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes

1A7F, 1AI0, 1AIY, 1B9E, 1BEN, 1EV3, 1EV6, 1EVR, 1FU2, 1FUB, 1G7A, 1G7B, 1GUJ, 1HIQ, 1HIS, 1HIT, 1HLS, 1HTV, 1HUI, 1IOG, 1IOH, 1J73, 1JCA, 1JCO, 1K3M, 1KMF, 1LKQ, 1LPH, 1MHI, 1MHJ, 1MSO, 1OS3, 1OS4, 1Q4V, 1QIY, 1QIZ, 1QJ0, 1RWE, 1SF1, 1T1K, 1T1P, 1T1Q, 1TRZ, 1TYL, 1TYM, 1UZ9, 1VKT, 1W8P, 1XDA, 1XGL, 1XW7, 1ZEG, 1ZEH, 1ZNJ, 2AIY, 2C8Q, 2C8R, 2CEU, 2H67, 2HH4, 2HHO, 2HIU, 2JMN, 2JUM, 2JUU, 2JUV, 2JV1, 2JZQ, 2K91, 2K9R, 2KJJ, 2KJU, 2KQQ, 2KXK, 2L1Y, 2L1Z, 2LGB, 2M1D, 2M1E, 2M2M, 2M2N, 2M2O, 2M2P, 2OLY, 2OLZ, 2OM0, 2OM1, 2OMG, 2OMH, 2OMI, 2QIU, 2R34, 2R35, 2R36, 2RN5, 2VJZ, 2VK0, 2W44, 2WBY, 2WC0, 2WRU, 2WRV, 2WRW, 2WRX, 2WS0, 2WS1, 2WS4, 2WS6, 2WS7, 3AIY, 3BXQ, 3E7Y, 3E7Z, 3EXX, 3FQ9, 3I3Z, 3I40, 3ILG, 3INC, 3IR0, 3Q6E, 3ROV, 3TT8, 3U4N, 3UTQ, 3UTS, 3UTT, 3V19, 3V1G, 3W11, 3W12, 3W13, 3W7Y, 3W7Z, 3W80, 3ZI3, 3ZQR, 3ZS2, 3ZU1, 4AIY, 4AJX, 4AJZ, 4AK0, 4AKJ, 4EFX, 4EWW, 4EWX, 4EWZ, 4EX0, 4EX1, 4EXX, 4EY1, 4EY9, 4EYD, 4EYN, 4EYP, 4F0N, 4F0O, 4F1A, 4F1B, 4F1C, 4F1D, 4F1F, 4F1G, 4F4T, 4F4V, 4F51, 4F8F, 4FG3, 4FKA, 4GBC, 4GBI, 4GBK, 4GBL, 4GBN, 4IUZ, 5AIY, 2LWZ, 3JSD, 3KQ6, 3P2X, 3P33, 1JK8, 2MLI, 2MPG, 2MPI, 2MVC, 2MVD, 4CXL, 4CXN, 4CY7, 4NIB, 4OGA, 4P65, 4Q5Z, 4RXW, 4UNE, 4UNG, 4UNH, 4XC4, 4WDI, 4Z76, 4Z77, 4Z78, 2N2W, 5CO6, 5ENA, 4Y19, 5BQQ, 5BOQ, 2N2V, 5CNY, 5CO9, 5EN9, 4Y1A, 2N2X, 5BPO, 5CO2, 5BTS, 5HYJ, 5C0D,%%s1EFE, 1SJT, 1SJU, 2KQP,%%s1T0C,%%s2G54, 2G56, 3HYD, 2OMQ

Identifiers

Aliases

INS (HUGO), IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10, insulin, PNDM4

External IDs

OMIM: 176730 MGI: 96573 HomoloGene: 173 GeneCards: INS OMA: INS - orthologs

Gene location (Human)


Chromosome: 11 (human)^[1]

Band	11p15.5	Start	2,159,779 bp^[1]
Band	11p15.5	End	2,161,221 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)


Chromosome: 7 (mouse)^[2]

Band	7 F5\|7 88.0 cM	Start	142,232,393 bp^[2]
Band	7 F5\|7 88.0 cM	End	142,297,118 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

beta cell

body of pancreas

right lobe of liver

right adrenal gland

left adrenal gland

left adrenal cortex

right adrenal cortex

ectocervix

Descending thoracic aorta

left uterine tube

Top expressed in

islet of Langerhans

pyloric antrum

choroid plexus of fourth ventricle

Epithelium of choroid plexus

human fetus

yolk sac

retinal pigment epithelium

embryo

secondary oocyte

primordial pancreas

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	insulin receptor binding identical protein binding protease binding insulin-like growth factor receptor binding protein binding hormone activity
Cell component	endoplasmic reticulum lumen transport vesicle Golgi membrane secretory granule lumen Golgi lumen endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane endosome lumen extracellular region extracellular space
Biological process	negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity positive regulation of DNA replication positive regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation positive regulation of cell differentiation MAPK cascade positive regulation of respiratory burst positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling negative regulation of protein oligomerization positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response cell-cell signaling positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process positive regulation of glycolytic process positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation activation of protein kinase B activity wound healing positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division negative regulation of feeding behavior positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion negative regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of cell migration acute-phase response regulation of protein secretion positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport negative regulation of lipid catabolic process positive regulation of cell growth negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway glucose metabolic process negative regulation of acute inflammatory response negative regulation of protein secretion positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation glucose homeostasis positive regulation of cell population proliferation fatty acid homeostasis positive regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of transmembrane transporter activity negative regulation of gluconeogenesis negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process regulation of protein localization regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process carbohydrate metabolic process negative regulation of proteolysis alpha-beta T cell activation positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of glucose import insulin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of gene expression regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction regulation of synaptic plasticity cognition positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process neuron projection maintenance response to L-arginine signal transduction
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


3630


16334

Ensembl


ENSG00000254647


ENSMUSG00000000215

UniProt


P01308


P01326

RefSeq (RNAm)


NM_000207 NM_001185097 NM_001185098 NM_001291897


NM_001185083 NM_001185084 NM_008387

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000198 NP_001172026 NP_001172027 NP_001278826 NP_000198.1
NP_001172026.1 NP_001172027.1 NP_001278826.1 NP_000198 NP_000198 NP_000198 NP_000198


NP_001172012 NP_001172013 NP_032413

Location (UCSC)

Chr 11: 2.16 – 2.16 Mb

Chr 7: 142.23 – 142.3 Mb

PubMed search

^[9]

^[10]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human gene

View/Edit Mouse gene

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184845 – Ensembl, May 2017 Cite error: The named reference "refGRCh38Ensembl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021478 – Ensembl, May 2017 Cite error: The named reference "refGRCm38Ensembl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184845 – Ensembl, May 2017 Cite error: The named reference "refGRCh38Ensembl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021478 – Ensembl, May 2017 Cite error: The named reference "refGRCm38Ensembl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[7] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[8] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[9] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[10] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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