This table lists only the occurrences in compounds and complexes, not pure elements in their standard state or allotropes.
Element | Negative states | Positive states | Group | Notes | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−5 | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | +9 | |||||
Z | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | hydrogen | H | −1 | 0 | +1 | 1 | [1] | ||||||||||||
2 | helium | He | 0 | 18 | [2] | ||||||||||||||
3 | lithium | Li | 0 | +1 | 1 | [3][4] | |||||||||||||
4 | beryllium | Be | 0 | +1 | +2 | 2 | [5][6] | ||||||||||||
5 | boron | B | −5 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 13 | [7][8][9] | |||||||||
6 | carbon | C | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 14 | |||||||
7 | nitrogen | N | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 15 | [10] | ||||||
8 | oxygen | O | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | 16 | |||||||||||
9 | fluorine | F | −1 | 0 | 17 | [11][12] | |||||||||||||
10 | neon | Ne | 0 | 18 | [13] | ||||||||||||||
11 | sodium | Na | −1 | 0 | +1 | 1 | [3][14] | ||||||||||||
12 | magnesium | Mg | 0 | +1 | +2 | 2 | [15][16] | ||||||||||||
13 | aluminium | Al | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 13 | [17][18][19][20] | |||||||||
14 | silicon | Si | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 14 | [21] | ||||||
15 | phosphorus | P | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 15 | [22] | ||||||
16 | sulfur | S | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 16 | |||||||
17 | chlorine | Cl | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 17 | [23][24] | ||||||
18 | argon | Ar | 0 | 18 | [25] | ||||||||||||||
19 | potassium | K | −1 | +1 | 1 | [3] | |||||||||||||
20 | calcium | Ca | +1 | +2 | 2 | [26][27] | |||||||||||||
21 | scandium | Sc | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 3 | [28][29][30] | |||||||||||
22 | titanium | Ti | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 4 | [31][32][33][34] | ||||||||
23 | vanadium | V | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 5 | [32] | |||||||
24 | chromium | Cr | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 6 | [32] | |||||
25 | manganese | Mn | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 7 | [35][36] | |||||
26 | iron | Fe | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 8 | [37][38][39] | ||||
27 | cobalt | Co | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 9 | [32] | |||||||
28 | nickel | Ni | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 10 | [40] | ||||||||
29 | copper | Cu | −2 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 11 | [39][41] | |||||||||
30 | zinc | Zn | −2 | 0 | +1 | +2 | 12 | [39][42][43][44] | |||||||||||
31 | gallium | Ga | −5 | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 13 | [18][45][46][47] | ||||||
32 | germanium | Ge | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 14 | [48][21] | ||||||
33 | arsenic | As | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 15 | [18][49][50][51] | ||||||
34 | selenium | Se | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 16 | [52][53][54][55][56] | ||||||
35 | bromine | Br | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +7 | 17 | [57][58] | |||||||
36 | krypton | Kr | 0 | +1 | +2 | 18 | |||||||||||||
37 | rubidium | Rb | −1 | +1 | 1 | [3] | |||||||||||||
38 | strontium | Sr | +1 | +2 | 2 | [59][27] | |||||||||||||
39 | yttrium | Y | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 3 | [60][61][62] | |||||||||||
40 | zirconium | Zr | −2 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 4 | [32][63][64] | |||||||||
41 | niobium | Nb | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 5 | [32][65][66] | |||||||
42 | molybdenum | Mo | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 6 | [32] | |||||
43 | technetium | Tc | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 7 | [67] | ||||||
44 | ruthenium | Ru | −4 | −2 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | 8 | [32][39] | ||||
45 | rhodium | Rh | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 9 | [32][68][69] | |||||
46 | palladium | Pd | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 10 | [70][71][72][73] | |||||||||
47 | silver | Ag | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 11 | [39][74][75] | |||||||||
48 | cadmium | Cd | −2 | +1 | +2 | 12 | [39][76] | ||||||||||||
49 | indium | In | −5 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 13 | [18][77][78][79] | ||||||||
50 | tin | Sn | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 14 | [18][80][81][21] | ||||||
51 | antimony | Sb | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 15 | [18][82][83][84][85] | ||||||
52 | tellurium | Te | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 16 | [18][86][87][88][89] | ||||||
53 | iodine | I | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 17 | [90][91][92][93] | ||||||
54 | xenon | Xe | 0 | +2 | +4 | +6 | +8 | 18 | [94][95][96] | ||||||||||
55 | caesium | Cs | −1 | +1 | 1 | [3] | |||||||||||||
56 | barium | Ba | +1 | +2 | 2 | [97][27] | |||||||||||||
57 | lanthanum | La | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60][98] | |||||||||||
58 | cerium | Ce | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | |||||||||||||
59 | praseodymium | Pr | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | f-block groups | [60][99][100][101] | |||||||||
60 | neodymium | Nd | 0 | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | [60][102] | |||||||||||
61 | promethium | Pm | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [103] | |||||||||||||
62 | samarium | Sm | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [104] | |||||||||||
63 | europium | Eu | 0 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60] | ||||||||||||
64 | gadolinium | Gd | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60] | |||||||||||
65 | terbium | Tb | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | [60][98][103] | ||||||||||
66 | dysprosium | Dy | 0 | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | [60][105] | |||||||||||
67 | holmium | Ho | 0 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60][103] | ||||||||||||
68 | erbium | Er | 0 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60][103] | ||||||||||||
69 | thulium | Tm | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60][98] | |||||||||||
70 | ytterbium | Yb | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | [60][98] | |||||||||||
71 | lutetium | Lu | 0 | +2 | +3 | 3 | [60][103] | ||||||||||||
72 | hafnium | Hf | −2 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 4 | [32][64][106] | |||||||||
73 | tantalum | Ta | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 5 | [32][66] | |||||||
74 | tungsten | W | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 6 | [32] | |||||
75 | rhenium | Re | −3 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | 7 | [107] | |||||
76 | osmium | Os | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | 8 | [39][108] | |||
77 | iridium | Ir | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | +9 | 9 | [109][110][111][112][113] | ||
78 | platinum | Pt | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 10 | [39][114][115] | |||||
79 | gold | Au | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +5 | 11 | [39][116] | |||||||
80 | mercury | Hg | −2 | +1 | +2 | 12 | [39][117] | ||||||||||||
81 | thallium | Tl | −5 | −2 | −1 | +1 | +2 | +3 | 13 | [18][118][119][120] | |||||||||
82 | lead | Pb | −4 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | 14 | [18][121][122][123] | |||||||
83 | bismuth | Bi | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | 15 | [124][125][126][127][128] | ||||||
84 | polonium | Po | −2 | +2 | +4 | +5 | +6 | 16 | [129] | ||||||||||
85 | astatine | At | −1 | +1 | +3 | +5 | +7 | 17 | |||||||||||
86 | radon | Rn | +2 | +6 | 18 | [130][131][132] | |||||||||||||
87 | francium | Fr | +1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
88 | radium | Ra | +2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
89 | actinium | Ac | +3 | f-block groups | |||||||||||||||
90 | thorium | Th | −1 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | [133][134][135] | ||||||||||
91 | protactinium | Pa | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | f-block groups | [136] | |||||||||||
92 | uranium | U | −1 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | f-block groups | [137][138][139] | ||||||||
93 | neptunium | Np | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | f-block groups | [140] | |||||||||
94 | plutonium | Pu | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | f-block groups | [141][142] | ||||||||
95 | americium | Am | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | f-block groups | [143] | |||||||||
96 | curium | Cm | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | f-block groups | [144][145][146][147] | |||||||||||
97 | berkelium | Bk | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | f-block groups | [144][145][148][149][150] | |||||||||||
98 | californium | Cf | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | f-block groups | [144][145] | |||||||||||
99 | einsteinium | Es | +2 | +3 | +4 | f-block groups | [151] | ||||||||||||
100 | fermium | Fm | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | ||||||||||||||
101 | mendelevium | Md | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | ||||||||||||||
102 | nobelium | No | +2 | +3 | f-block groups | ||||||||||||||
103 | lawrencium | Lr | +3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
104 | rutherfordium | Rf | +4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
105 | dubnium | Db | +5 | 5 | [152] | ||||||||||||||
106 | seaborgium | Sg | 0 | +6 | 6 | [153][154] | |||||||||||||
107 | bohrium | Bh | +7 | 7 | [155] | ||||||||||||||
108 | hassium | Hs | +8 | 8 | [156] | ||||||||||||||
109 | meitnerium | Mt | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
110 | darmstadtium | Ds | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
111 | roentgenium | Rg | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
112 | copernicium | Cn | +2 | 12 | [157] | ||||||||||||||
113 | nihonium | Nh | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
114 | flerovium | Fl | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
115 | moscovium | Mc | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
116 | livermorium | Lv | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
117 | tennessine | Ts | 17 | ||||||||||||||||
118 | oganesson | Og | 18 |
{{List of oxidation states of the elements/row
|symbol=
|os=
|ref=
|note=
}}
|os=
to list options in this form (b-values = bold: main oxidation states), in any order:|os = -5, -4, -3, -2,-1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9
-5b, -4b, -3b, -2b, -1b, 0b, +1b, +2b, +3b, +4b, +5b, +6b, +7b, +8b, +9b
|ref=
should have <ref>...</ref> tags; one or more refs can be entered.The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} (An overview is here).