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Pope Pius VII (1742–1823) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in 1823. In this 1819 portrait by Thomas Lawrence, he is shown seated on the papal throne, wearing a zucchetto on his head, a red mozzetta, a lace-trimmed rochet, a white cassock and red papal slippers. The painting is in the Royal Collection of the British royal family, and hangs in the Waterloo Chamber in Windsor Castle.Painting credit: Thomas Lawrence