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Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (1863–1929) was a member of the Rana dynasty who served as Prime Minister of Nepal from 1901 until his death. He came to power after successfully deposing his liberal and reformist brother Dev Shumsher. Although generally perceived as despotic and conservative, he is credited with reforms including the abolition of slavery and the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923, which recognised Nepal as an independent nation and an ally of Britain. This photograph of Chandra Shumsher, wearing the robes of the Order of the Star of India, was taken in 1908 during a visit to Europe.Photograph credit: Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya; restored by Captain Medusa