Template:Program execution
Program execution
General concepts
Code
Translation
Compiler
Compile time
Optimizing compiler
Intermediate representation
(IR)
Execution
Runtime system
Runtime
Executable
Interpreter
Virtual machine
Types of code
Source code
Object code
Bytecode
Machine code
Microcode
Compilation strategies
Ahead-of-time
(AOT)
Just-in-time
(JIT)
Tracing just-in-time
Compile and go system
Precompilation
Transcompilation
Recompilation
Notable runtimes
Android Runtime
(ART)
BEAM
(Erlang)
Common Language Runtime
(CLR) and
Mono
CPython
and
PyPy
crt0
(
C
target-specific initializer)
Java virtual machine
(JVM)
LuaJIT
Objective-C
and
Swift
's
V8
and
Node.js
Zend Engine
(PHP)
Notable compilers & toolchains
GNU Compiler Collection
(GCC)
LLVM
and
Clang
MSVC
v
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