Tenuis retroflex click

Tenuis retroflex velar click
k͡𝼊   k͡‼
ᵏ𝼊   ᵏ‼
𝼊  
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Tenuis retroflex uvular click
q͡𝼊   q͡‼
𐞥𝼊   𐞥‼

The voiceless or more precisely tenuis retroflex click is a rare click consonant. In practical orthography, an ad hoc symbol ⟨⟩ is used for the retroflex clicks; a tenuis click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨k͡‼⟩ or ⟨k͜‼⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨k‼⟩, ⟨ᵏ‼⟩ or just ⟨⟩. The implicit symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨k͡𝼊⟩ or ⟨k͜𝼊⟩, abbreviated ⟨k𝼊⟩, ⟨ᵏ𝼊⟩ or just ⟨𝼊⟩.[1] Linguists who prefer the old IPA letters use the analogous Doke convention[2] of ⟨k͡ψ⟩ or ⟨k͜ψ⟩, abbreviated ⟨⟩, ⟨ᵏψ⟩ or ⟨ψ⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨q͡‼, q͜‼, q‼, 𐞥‼⟩, ⟨q͡𝼊, q͜𝼊, q𝼊, 𐞥𝼊⟩ and ⟨q͡ψ, q͜ψ, qψ, 𐞥ψ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨𝼊k⟩ or ⟨𝼊ᵏ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[3]

  1. ^ Kirk Miller; Bonny Sands (1 July 2020). "Unicode proposal L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF).
  2. ^ Doke, Clement M. (1925). "An outline of the phonetics of the language of the ʗhũ: Bushman of the North-West Kalahari". Bantu Studies. 2: 129–166. doi:10.1080/02561751.1923.9676181.
  3. ^ Afrika und Übersee. D. Reimer. 2005. pp. 93–94.