Texas in the American Civil War

Texas
Nickname(s): "The Lone Star State"
Flag Seal Map of the Confederate States
Capital	Austin
Largest city	Houston
Admitted to the Confederacy	March 23, 1861 (4th)
Population	604,215 total  • 421,649 (69.78%) free  • 182,566 (30.22%) slave
Forces supplied	- Confederate troops: 70,000 - Union troops: 2,000[1] total
Major garrisons/armories	Galveston Harbor
Governor	Sam Houston Edward Clark Francis Lubbock Pendleton Murrah
Lieutenant Governor	John McClannahan Crockett Fletcher Stockdale
Senators	William Simpson Oldham, Sr. Louis Trezevant Wigfall
Representatives	List
Restored to the Union	March 30, 1870

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Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it had replaced its governor, Sam Houston, who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states, the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River, which prevented large transfers of men, horses, or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston, Houston, and other ports.