 First edition (Polish) | |
| Author | Stanisław Lem |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | Piotr Borowy |
| Language | Polish |
| Genre | Hard Science Fiction |
| Publisher | Wydawnictwo MON (original) Seabury Press (English-language original edition) MIT Press (English-language revised edition) |
Publication date | 1963 |
| Publication place | Poland |
Published in English | 1973 |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) |
| Pages | 316 pp (first edition, paperback) |
| OCLC | 488362 (English-language edition) |
The Invincible (Polish: Niezwyciężony) is a hard science fiction novel by Polish writer Stanisław Lem, serialized in Gazeta Bialostocka in 1963 and published as a book in 1964.[1]
The Invincible originally appeared as the title story in Lem's collection Niezwyciężony i inne opowiadania ("The Invincible and Other Stories"). A translation into German was published in 1967; an English translation by Wendayne Ackerman, based on the German one, was published in 1973. A direct translation into English from Polish, by Bill Johnston, was published in 2006.
It was one of the first[nb 1] novels to explore the ideas of microrobots, smartdust, artificial swarm intelligence, and "necroevolution" (a term suggested by Lem in the novel for the evolution of non-living matter[1]).
- ^ a b "CAŁY TEN ZŁOM" an afterword by prof. Jerzy Jarzębski
- ^ Doktryna nieingerencji, In: Marek Oramus, Bogowie Lema
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