 Title page of The Shepheardes Calendar, circa 1571. | |
| Author | Edmund Spenser |
|---|---|
| Language | Early Modern English |
| Genre | Eclogue |
Publication date | 1579 |
| Publication place | Kingdom of England |
The Shepheardes Calender (originally titled The Shepheardes Calendar, Conteyning twelve Aeglogues proportionable to the Twelve monthes. Entitled to the Noble and Vertuous Gentleman most worthy of all titles both of learning and chevalrie M. Philip Sidney)[1] was Edmund Spenser's first major poetic work, published in 1579. In emulation of Virgil's first work, the Eclogues, Spenser wrote this series of pastorals at the commencement of his career. However, Spenser's models were rather the Renaissance eclogues of Mantuanus.[2] The title, like the entire work, is written using deliberately archaic spellings, in order to suggest a connection to medieval literature, and to Geoffrey Chaucer in particular.[3] Spenser dedicated the poem to Philip Sidney. The poem introduces Colin Clout, a folk character originated by John Skelton, and depicts his life as a shepherd through the twelve months of the year. The Calender encompasses considerable formal innovations, anticipating the even more virtuosic Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (The "Old" Arcadia, 1580), the classic pastoral romance by Sir Philip Sidney, with whom Spenser was acquainted. It is also remarkable for the extensive commentary or gloss included with the work in its first publication, ascribed to an "E.K." E.K. is an intelligent, very subtle, sometimes wrong, and often deeply ironic commentator, who is sometimes assumed to be an alias of Spenser himself. The term sarcasm (Sarcasmus) is first recorded in English in Spenser's poem (October).[4]
- ^ Daiches, David (1960). A critical history of English literature. Internet Archive (3rd ed.). New York, Ronald Press Co. p. 166.
- ^ Hughes, Merritt Yerkes (1929). Virgil and Spenser. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Johnson, Lynn Staley (2010). The Shepheardes Calender: An Introduction. University Park: Penn State Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0271041001.
- ^ Edmund Spenser (May 1996). Risa Stephanie Bearm (ed.). "Shepheardes Calender". Renascence Editions. University of Oregon – via luminarium.org.