Thematic analysis

Thematic analysis is one of the most common forms of analysis within qualitative research.[1][2] It emphasizes identifying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning (or "themes") within qualitative data.[1] Thematic analysis is often understood as a method or technique in contrast to most other qualitative analytic approaches – such as grounded theory, discourse analysis, narrative analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis – which can be described as methodologies or theoretically informed frameworks for research (they specify guiding theory, appropriate research questions and methods of data collection, as well as procedures for conducting analysis). Thematic analysis is best thought of as an umbrella term for a variety of different approaches, rather than a singular method. Different versions of thematic analysis are underpinned by different philosophical and conceptual assumptions and are divergent in terms of procedure. Leading thematic analysis proponents, psychologists Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke[3] distinguish between three main types of thematic analysis: coding reliability approaches (examples include the approaches developed by Richard Boyatzis[4] and Greg Guest and colleagues[2]), code book approaches (these include approaches like framework analysis,[5] template analysis[6] and matrix analysis[7]) and reflexive approaches.[8][9] They describe their own widely used approach first outlined in 2006 in the journal Qualitative Research in Psychology[1] as reflexive thematic analysis.[10] Their 2006 paper has over 120,000 Google Scholar citations and according to Google Scholar is the most cited academic paper published in 2006. The popularity of this paper exemplifies the growing interest in thematic analysis as a distinct method (although some have questioned whether it is a distinct method or simply a generic set of analytic procedures[11]).

  1. ^ a b c Braun, Virginia; Clarke, Victoria (2006). "Using thematic analysis in psychology". Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3 (2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa. hdl:10125/42031. S2CID 10075179.
  2. ^ a b Guest, Greg; MacQueen, Kathleen; Namey, Emily (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. p. 11.
  3. ^ Braun, Virginia; Clarke, Victoria (2019). "Thematic Analysis". Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences. Hoboken, New Jersey: Springer. pp. 843–860. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103. ISBN 978-981-10-5250-7. S2CID 239210796.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Boyatzis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Langdridge, Darren (2004). Introduction to research methods and data analysis in psychology. The Open University.
  9. ^ Hayes, Nicky (2000). Doing psychological research. Open University Press.
  10. ^ Braun, Virginia; Clarke, Victoria (2019). "Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis". Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 11 (4): 589–597. doi:10.1080/2159676x.2019.1628806. S2CID 197748828.
  11. ^ Willig, Carla (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. Open University Press.