Thermococcus

Thermococcus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Phylum:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Thermococci
Order:
Thermococcales
Family:
Thermococcaceae
Genus:
Thermococcus

Zillig 1983
Type species
Thermococcus celer
Zillig 1983
Species

See text

In taxonomy, Thermococcus is a genus of thermophilic Archaea in the family the Thermococcaceae.[1]

Members of the genus Thermococcus are typically irregularly shaped coccoid species, ranging in size from 0.6 to 2.0 μm in diameter.[2] Some species of Thermococcus are immobile, and some species have motility, using flagella as their main mode of movement.[citation needed] These flagella typically exist at a specific pole of the organism.[citation needed] This movement has been seen at room or at high temperatures, depending on the specific organism.[3] In some species, these microorganisms can aggregate and form white-gray plaques.[4] Species under Thermococcus typically thrive at temperatures between 60 and 105 °C,[5] either in the presence of black smokers (hydrothermal vents), or freshwater springs.[6] Species in this genus are strictly anaerobes,[7][8] and are thermophilic,[2][7] found in a variety depths, such as in hydrothermal vents 2500m below the ocean surface,[9] but also centimeters below the water surface in geothermal springs.[10] These organisms thrive at pH levels of 5.6-7.9.[11] Members of this genus have been found in many hydrothermal vent systems in the world, including from the seas of Japan,[12] to off the coasts of California.[13] Sodium Chloride salt is typically present in these locations at 1%-3% concentration,[8] but is not a required substrate for these organisms,[14][15] as one study showed Thermococcus members living in fresh hot water systems in New Zealand,[6] but they do require a low concentration of lithium ions for growth.[16] Thermococcus members are described as heterotrophic, chemotrophic,[2][17][18] and are organotrophic sulfanogens; using elemental sulfur and carbon sources including amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids such as pyruvate.[17][18][19]

  1. ^ See the NCBI webpage on Thermococcus. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  2. ^ a b c Canganella F, Jones WJ, Gambacorta A, Antranikian G (October 1998). "Thermococcus guaymasensis sp. nov. and Thermococcus aggregans sp. nov., two novel thermophilic archaea isolated from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 48 Pt 4 (4): 1181–5. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1181. PMID 9828419.
  3. ^ Tagashira K, Fukuda W, Matsubara M, Kanai T, Atomi H, Imanaka T (January 2013). "Genetic studies on the virus-like regions in the genome of hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus kodakarensis". Extremophiles. 17 (1): 153–60. doi:10.1007/s00792-012-0504-6. PMID 23224520. S2CID 15924402.
  4. ^ Tae-Yang Jung, Y.-S. K., Byoung-Ha Oh, and Euijeon Woo (2012). "Identification of a novel ligand binding site in phosphoserine phosphatase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus." Wiley Periodicals: 11.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference twentynine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Antoine E, Guezennec J, Meunier JR, Lesongeur F, Barbier G (1995). "Isolation and Characterization of Extremely Thermophilic Archaebacteria Related to the Genus Thermococcus from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Guaymas Basin". Current Microbiology. 31 (3): 7. doi:10.1007/bf00293552. S2CID 25215530.
  7. ^ a b Amenábar MJ, Flores PA, Pugin B, Boehmwald FA, Blamey JM (2013). "Archaeal diversity from hydrothermal systems of Deception Island, Antarctica". Polar Biology. 36 (3): 373–380. Bibcode:2013PoBio..36..373A. doi:10.1007/s00300-012-1267-3. S2CID 11705986.
  8. ^ a b Kim BK, Lee SH, Kim SY, Jeong H, Kwon SK, Lee CH, et al. (July 2012). "Genome sequence of an oligohaline hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus zilligii AN1, isolated from a terrestrial geothermal freshwater spring". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (14): 3765–6. doi:10.1128/jb.00655-12. PMC 3393502. PMID 22740682.
  9. ^ Krupovic M, Gonnet M, Hania WB, Forterre P, Erauso G (2013). "Insights into dynamics of mobile genetic elements in hyperthermophilic environments from five new Thermococcus plasmids". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e49044. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...849044K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049044. PMC 3543421. PMID 23326305.
  10. ^ Hetzer A, Morgan HW, McDonald IR, Daughney CJ (July 2007). "Microbial life in Champagne Pool, a geothermal spring in Waiotapu, New Zealand". Extremophiles. 11 (4): 605–14. doi:10.1007/s00792-007-0073-2. PMID 17426919. S2CID 24239907.
  11. ^ Tori K, Ishino S, Kiyonari S, Tahara S, Ishino Y (2013). "A novel single-strand specific 3'-5' exonuclease found in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e58497. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...858497T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058497. PMC 3591345. PMID 23505520.
  12. ^ Cui Z, Wang Y, Pham BP, Ping F, Pan H, Cheong GW, et al. (July 2012). "High level expression and characterization of a thermostable lysophospholipase from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1". Extremophiles. 16 (4): 619–25. doi:10.1007/s00792-012-0461-0. PMID 22622648. S2CID 17109990.
  13. ^ Uehara R, Tanaka S, Takano K, Koga Y, Kanaya S (November 2012). "Requirement of insertion sequence IS1 for thermal adaptation of Pro-Tk-subtilisin from hyperthermophilic archaeon". Extremophiles. 16 (6): 841–51. doi:10.1007/s00792-012-0479-3. PMID 22996828. S2CID 10924828.
  14. ^ Čuboňováa L, Katano M, Kanai T, Atomi H, Reeve JN, Santangelo TJ (December 2012). "An archaeal histone is required for transformation of Thermococcus kodakarensis". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (24): 6864–74. doi:10.1128/jb.01523-12. PMC 3510624. PMID 23065975.
  15. ^ Postec A, Lesongeur F, Pignet P, Ollivier B, Querellou J, Godfroy A (November 2007). "Continuous enrichment cultures: insights into prokaryotic diversity and metabolic interactions in deep-sea vent chimneys". Extremophiles. 11 (6): 747–57. doi:10.1007/s00792-007-0092-z. hdl:20.500.11850/58941. PMID 17576518. S2CID 24258675.
  16. ^ Eberly JO, Ely RL (2008). "Thermotolerant hydrogenases: biological diversity, properties, and biotechnological applications". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 34 (3–4): 117–30. doi:10.1080/10408410802240893. PMID 18728989. S2CID 86357193.
  17. ^ a b Schut GJ, Boyd ES, Peters JW, Adams MW (March 2013). "The modular respiratory complexes involved in hydrogen and sulfur metabolism by heterotrophic hyperthermophilic archaea and their evolutionary implications". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37 (2): 182–203. Bibcode:2013FEMMR..37..182S. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00346.x. PMID 22713092.
  18. ^ a b Yuusuke Tokooji, T. S., Shinsuke Fujiwara, Tadayuki Imanaka and Haruyuki Atomi (2013). "Genetic Examination of Initial Amino Acid Oxidation and Glutamate Catabolism in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis." Journal of Bacteriology: 10.
  19. ^ Atomi H, Tomita H, Ishibashi T, Yokooji Y, Imanaka T (February 2013). "CoA biosynthesis in archaea". Biochemical Society Transactions. 41 (1): 427–31. doi:10.1042/bst20120311. PMID 23356323.