Thiol-yne reaction

The thiol-yne reaction (also known as alkyne hydrothiolation) is an organic reaction between a thiol and an alkyne. The reaction product is an alkenyl sulfide.[1][2] The reaction was first reported in 1949 with thioacetic acid as reagent[3][4] and rediscovered in 2009.[5] It is used in click chemistry[6][7][8] and in polymerization, especially with dendrimers.

Thiol-yne reaction
Thiol-yne reaction
Thiol-yne reaction

This addition reaction is typically facilitated by a radical initiator or UV irradiation and proceeds through a sulfanyl radical species. With monoaddition a mixture of (E/Z)-alkenes form. The mode of addition is anti-Markovnikov. The radical intermediate can engage in secondary reactions such as cyclisation.[9][10] With diaddition the 1,2-disulfide or the 1,1- dithioacetal forms. Reported catalysts for radical additions are triethylborane,[11] indium(III) bromide[12] and AIBN.[13] The reaction is also reported to be catalysed by cationic rhodium and iridium complexes,[14] by thorium and uranium complexes,[15] by rhodium complexes,[16][17][18] by caesium carbonate[19] and by gold.[20]

Ichinose et al. thiol-yne reaction 1987
Ichinose et al. thiol-yne reaction 1987
Ichinose et al. thiol-yne reaction 1987[11]

Diphenyl disulfide reacts with alkynes to a 1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethylene.[21] Reported alkynes are ynamides.[22] A photoredox thiol-yne reaction has been reported.[23]

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