Third Silesian War

Third Silesian War
Part of the Seven Years' War and the Silesian Wars
Prussian grenadiers advancing at the Battle of Leuthen, as depicted by Carl Röchling
Date 29 August 1756 – 15 February 1763 Location Central Europe Result Prussian victory
Belligerents
Prussia	Habsburg monarchy  Saxony  Russia (until 1762)  France (until 1758)
Commanders and leaders
King Frederick II Hans von Lehwaldt Count Kurt von Schwerin † Hans Karl von Winterfeldt (DOW) Duke Augustus William of Brunswick-Bevern (POW) James Keith † Prince Henry of Prussia	Archduchess Maria Theresa Maximilian Ulysses Browne (DOW) Prince Charles of Lorraine Count Leopold von Daun Baron Ernst von Laudon Franz Moritz von Lacy Empress Elizabeth Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin Count William Fermor Count Pyotr Saltykov King Louis XV Charles, Prince of Soubise
Casualties and losses
180,000 dead	Over 145,000 dead or missing

The Third Silesian War (German: Dritter Schlesischer Krieg) was a war between Prussia and Austria (together with its allies) that lasted from 1756 to 1763 and confirmed Prussia's control of the region of Silesia (now in south-western Poland). The war was fought mainly in Silesia, Bohemia and Upper Saxony and formed one theatre of the Seven Years' War. It was the last of three Silesian Wars fought between Frederick the Great's Prussia and Maria Theresa's Austria in the mid-18th century, all three of which ended in Prussian control of Silesia.

This conflict can be viewed as a continuation of the First and Second Silesian Wars of the previous decade. After the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the War of the Austrian Succession, Austria enacted broad reforms and upended its traditional diplomatic policy to prepare for renewed war with Prussia. As with the previous Silesian Wars, no particular triggering event initiated the conflict; rather, Prussia struck opportunistically to disrupt its enemies' plans. The war's cost in blood and treasure was high on both sides, and it ended inconclusively when neither of the main belligerents could sustain the conflict any longer.

The war began with a Prussian invasion of Saxony in mid-1756, and it ended in a Prussian diplomatic victory with the 1763 Treaty of Hubertusburg, which confirmed Prussian control of Silesia. The treaty resulted in no territorial changes, but Austria agreed to recognise Prussia's sovereignty in Silesia in return for Prussia's support for the election of Maria Theresa's son, Archduke Joseph, as Holy Roman Emperor. The conflict formed part of the ongoing Austria–Prussia rivalry that would shape German politics for more than a century. The war greatly enhanced the prestige of Prussia, which won general recognition as a major European power, and of Frederick, who cemented his reputation as a preeminent military commander.