Thomas Peterson or Tom Peterson may refer to:
- Thomas Peterson (politician), Utah state representative
- Thomas C. Peterson, American climatologist
- Thomas E. Petersen, Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Agriculture
- Thomas Mundy Peterson (1824–1904), first African American to vote in an election under the U.S. Constitution
- Tom Peterson (1930–2016), American retailer, pitchman, and television personality
- Tom Peterson (cyclist) (born 1986), American professional road racing cyclist
- Tom Peterson (producer), Australian TV producer and director, director of Fisk
- Tommy Peterson (footballer) (1898–1950), Australian rules footballer