Thousand Days' War

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (June 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 939 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Guerra de los Mil Días]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|es|Guerra de los Mil Días}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Thousand Days' War" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Thousand Days' War
Part of the Colombian Civil Wars
Government soldiers at a banquet, 1899.
Date 17 October 1899 – 21 November 1902 (1,130 days) Location Colombia Result Colombia victory Continuation of the present day republic Dissolution of the National Party Separation of Panama Economic and administrative crisis
Belligerents
Liberals Supported by:  Venezuela  Ecuador  Nicaragua  Guatemala	Republic of Colombia Conservatives National Party
Commanders and leaders
Gabriel Vargas Santos Rafael Uribe Uribe Benjamín Herrera Justo Leónidas Durán Belisario Porras Barahona Lucas Caballero Barrera Manuel de Jesús Álvarez Reales Avelino Rosas  † Victoriano Lorenzo  † Zenón Figueredo  † Aristóbulo Ibáñez  † Ramón Marín Valdez Pedro Soler Martínez Paulo Emilio Bustamante Foción Soto Juan Francisco Gómez Pinzón  † Benito Ulloa	Manuel Antonio Sanclemente José Manuel Marroquín José Vargas Santos Manuel Casabianca Welsares Guillermo Quintero Calderón Próspero Pinzón Romero  † José Domingo Ospina Camacho Ramón González Valencia Pedro Nel Ospina Arístides Fernández Roberto Urdaneta Gómez Alfredo Vásquez Cobo José María Campo Serrano Carlos Albán  † Víctor Manuel Salazar Joaquín Fernando Vélez Jorge Holguín Mallarino Rafael Giraldo Viana Marceliano Vélez Barreneche
Strength
5,000 (1899) 26,000 (1902)	15,000 (1899) 50,000 (1901–1902)
Casualties and losses
100,000[1]-180,000[2][3]

Part of a series on the
History of Colombia
Timeline
Pre-Columbian period pre-1499 Spanish colonization 1499–1550 New Kingdom of Granada 1550–1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717–1819 United Provinces of New Granada 1810–1816 Gran Colombia 1819–1831 Republic of New Granada 1831–1858 Granadine Confederation 1858–1863 United States of Colombia 1863–1886 Republic of Colombia 1886–present
Colombia portal Economic Constitutional Military
v t e

The Thousand Days' War (Spanish: Guerra de los Mil Días) was a civil war fought in Colombia from 17 October 1899 to 21 November 1902, at first between the Liberal Party and the government led by the National Party, and later – after the Conservative Party had ousted the National Party – between the liberals and the conservative government. Caused by the longstanding ideological tug-of-war of federalism versus centralism between the liberals, conservatives, and nationalists of Colombia following the implementation of the Constitution of 1886 and the political process known as the Regeneración, tensions ran high after the presidential election of 1898, and on 17 October 1899, official insurrection against the national government was announced by members of the Liberal Party in the Department of Santander. Hostilities did not begin until the 11th of November, when liberal factions attempted to take over the city of Bucaramanga, leading to active warfare. It would end three years later with the signing of the Treaty of Neerlandia and the Treaty of Wisconsin. The war resulted in a Conservative victory, and ensured the continued dominance of the Conservative Party in Colombian politics for another 28 years. Colombia's political structure as a unitary state has not been challenged since.

As an international conflict, the war extended into Ecuadorian and Venezuelan territories. Conservative and liberal factions of those two countries, as well as of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, backed their respective parties within Colombia. American interests in the Panama Isthmus led to an American intervention and naval deployment in Panama (then part of Colombia) under the guise of upholding the Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty.

With an estimated 100,000 to 180,000 fatalities, about 2.5–3.8 percent of the nation's population at that time, the conflict was the deadliest and most destructive war in the history of Colombia. It led to severe economic, political, and social repercussions for the country, including a partial collapse of the nation's economy, continued governmental instability, and the eventual loss of the Department of Panama as an incorporated territory of the republic in 1903.