Three Fingered Jack (Jamaica)

Three-Fingered Jack a.k.a. Jack Mansong (died c. 1781), led a band of runaway slaves in the Colony of Jamaica in the eighteenth century.

Many historians believed that after the Jamaican Maroons signed treaties with the British colonial authorities in 1739 and 1740, the treaty-signatories effectively prevented runaway slaves from forming independent communities in the mountainous forests of the interior of the island of Jamaica.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

  1. ^ Eugene Genovese, From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the Modern World (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979), p. 67.
  2. ^ Patterson, Orlando (27 April 2022) [1967]. The Sociology of Slavery: Black Society in Jamaica, 1655-1838 (2 ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 9781509550999. Retrieved 13 February 2023. The whites, having been obliged to come to terms with the Maroons in 1739, then proceeded to use them to prevent or subdue further uprisings.
  3. ^ Orlando Patterson, The Sociology of Slavery (Kingston: Sangster's, 1973), pp. 262-4, 270-1, 279-280.
  4. ^ Barbara Kopytoff, ‘Jamaican Maroon Political Organization: the Effects of the Treaties’, Social and Economic Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (1976), p. 96.
  5. ^ Mavis Campbell, The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal (Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey, 1988), pp. 157-9.
  6. ^ Clinton V. Black, A History of Jamaica (London: Collins, 1975), pp. 83-7.
  7. ^ Orlando Patterson, ‘Slavery and Slave Revolts: A Sociohistorical Analysis of the First Maroon War, 1665-1740’, Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas, ed. by Richard Price (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 273.
  8. ^ Curtis, Isaac (29 January 2013) [2011]. "Masterless People: Maroons, Pirates, and Commoners". In Palmié, Stephan; Scarano, Francisco A. (eds.). The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780226924649. Retrieved 13 February 2023. [...] a pair of treaties in March and June 1739 ensured the position of the planters. These treaties [...] regulated the crops and livestock maroons could raise, the areas they could settle, the distances they could travel, and the terms on which they could trade [...]. [...] Equally significant was the requirement that the maroons turn over runaway slaves who had recently joined them and help suppress rebellions and catch fugitives in the future. By employing maroons in enforcing the boundaries of the plantation, Jamaican planters eliminated the logical base of future maroon support while establishing more complete control over their own work force.
  9. ^ David Geggus, ‘The Enigma of Jamaica in the 1790s: New Light on the Causes of Slave Rebellions’, William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 4, Issue 2 (1987), p. 298.
  10. ^ Werner Zips, Black Rebels: African Caribbean Freedom Fighters in Jamaica (Kingston: Ian Randle, 1999), p. 20.
  11. ^ Hope Waddell, Twenty Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa (London: Frank Cass, [1863] 1970), p. 46.