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| Thromboangiitis obliterans | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Buerger disease, Buerger's disease, Winiwarter-Buerger disease, presenile gangrene[1] |
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| Complete occlusion of the right and stenosis of the left femoral artery as seen in a case of thromboangiitis obliterans | |
| Specialty | Cardiology, rheumatology  |
Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger disease (English /ˈbɜːrɡər/; German: [ˈbʏʁɡɐ]) or Winiwarter-Buerger disease, is a recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet. It is strongly associated with use of tobacco products,[2] primarily from smoking, but is also associated with smokeless tobacco.[3][4]
- ^ Ferri FF (2003). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2004: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment (6th ed.). p. 840. ISBN 978-0323026680.
- ^ Joyce JW (May 1990). "Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 16 (2): 463–70. doi:10.1016/S0889-857X(21)01071-1. PMID 2189162.
- ^ Mayo Clinic Staff. "Overview of Buerger's disease". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- ^ "Thromboangiitis obliterans". Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 February 2016.