The Tibet Vernacular News (simplified Chinese: 西藏白话报; traditional Chinese: 西藏白話報; pinyin: Xīzàng báihuà bào, Tibetan: བོད་ཀྱི་ཕལ་སྐད་གསར་འགྱུར་, Wylie: bod kyi phal skad gsar 'gyur),[1] also translated as The Tibetan Vernacular News, is the first newspaper to have been established in Tibet. Besides a Chinese title and some subscription information, the newspaper was written in Tibetan (藏文) since its founding in April 1907 by amban Lian Yu 聯豫 (in office 1906–1912), and his deputy Zhang Yintang 張蔭堂 (in office 1906–1908), in the final years of the Qing dynasty.[2] The first issue was lithographically printed, with a print-run fewer than 100 copies a day.[3][4] It was disestablished in 1911.[5] The mission of the newspaper was mainly educational,[5] but also propagandistic.[5][6] Nothing is known about how the paper was received by Tibetans.[7]
- ^ Fabienne Jagou, Les traductions tibétaines des discours politiques chinois de Sun Yat-sen sur les « Trois principes du peuple » en tant qu’exemples de traductions modernes d’un texte politique, in Édition, Éditions: L'écrit Au Tibet, Évolution et Devenir, Volume 3 de Collectanea Himalayica, Anne Chayet, Éditeur Indus, 2010, ISBN 9783940659026, p. 169
- ^ Erhard, Franz Xaver; Hou, Haoran (2018). "The Melong in Context. A Survey of the Earliest Tibetan Language Newspapers 1904–1960". In Wang-Toutain, Francoise; Preziosi, Marie (eds.). Cahiers du Mirror. Paris: Collège de France. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-2-7226-0485-8.
- ^ Protection and Development of Tibetan Culture (White Paper), China Daily, 25-09-2008, p. 7: Old Tibet had only one lithographically printed newspaper in the Tibetan language in the last years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), titled The Tibet Vernacular Newspaper, and its print-run was fewer than 100 copies a day.
- ^ Thubten Samphel, Virtual Tibet: The Media, in Exile as challenge: the Tibetan diaspora (Dagmar Bernstorff, Hubertus von Welck eds.), Orient Blackswan, 2003, 488 pages, especially pp. 171-172 ISBN 978-81-250-2555-9: Tibet's first newspaper, Vernacular Paper, was started by the Manchu amban, Lian Yu, and his deputy, Zhang Yintong in April 1909. The newspaper was bilingual, in Tibetan and Chinese.
- ^ a b c Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa, Representations of Religion in The Tibet Mirror, in History and Material Culture in Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object, eds. Benjamin Fleming, Richard Mann, p. 77.
- ^ Françoise Robin, Le vers libre au Tibet : une forme littéraire de l'intime au service d'un projet collectif, dans D'un Orient l'autre, actes des 3es journées de l'Orient, Bordeaux, 2-4 octobre 2002 (sous la direction de Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, A. Pino, S. Khoury), Peeters Publishers, 2005, 606 p., pp. 573-601, en part. p. 583, note 31 : "un journal de propagande publié à Lhas[s]a par les autorités mandchoues à la fin de 1909 (Dhondup 1976: 33)".
- ^ Anna Sawerthal (2011). The Melong: An Example of the Formation of a Tibetan Language Press (PDF) (MA thesis). University of Vienna, Austria. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2017.