Tionondogen (also known as Tionondogue or Tionontoguen) was the westernmost and most important of the three large palisaded towns of the Mohawk Nation of Iroquois. These towns were termed "castles" by the Europeans. Because of its position as the farthest upstream on the Mohawk River Tionondogen is often referred to as the "Upper Castle".
The town was located at what is known as the "White Orchard" archaeological site in the town of Palatine, New York on the north bank of the Mohawk. A previous identification of the town with the "Wagner's Hollow" site, on Caroga Creek, also in the Town of Palatine, is discredited today. The site occupies 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres). Population has been estimated at between 700 and 900 people.[1]