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The tip-speed ratio, λ, or TSR for wind turbines is the ratio between the tangential speed of the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the wind, v. The tip-speed ratio is related to efficiency, with the optimum varying with blade design.[1] Higher tip speeds result in higher noise levels and require stronger blades due to larger centrifugal forces.
The tip speed of the blade can be calculated as , where is the rotational speed of the rotor and R is the rotor radius. Therefore, we can also write:
where is the wind speed at the height of the blade hub.