Tipu Sultan

For other uses, see Tipu Sultan (disambiguation) and Tipu (disambiguation).

Tipu Sultan
Badshah
Nasib-ud-Daulah
Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu
Portrait of Tipu Sultan, from Mysore (c. 1790–1800).
Sultan of Mysore
Reign10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799
Coronation29 December 1782
PredecessorHyder Ali
SuccessorKrishnaraja III
(as Maharaja of Mysore)
BornSultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu
(1751-12-01)1 December 1751
Devanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore
(present-day Karnataka, India)
Died4 May 1799(1799-05-04) (aged 47)
Srirangapatna, Sultanate of Mysore
(present-day Karnataka, India)
Burial
Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka
12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E / 12.41000°N 76.71389°E / 12.41000; 76.71389
Spouse
Sultan Begum Sahib
​
(m. 1774)​

Ruqaya Banu Begum
​
(m. 1774)​
Khadija Zaman Begum
​
​
(m. 1796; died 1797)​

Buranti Begum
Roshani Begum
IssueShezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others
Names
Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Sultan Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Saheb Tipu
HouseMysore
FatherHyder Ali
MotherFatima Fakhr-un-Nisa
ReligionSunni Islam[1][2][3][4]
SealTipu Sultan's signature
Military career
Service / branch Mysore Army
RankSultan
Battles / wars
See list

Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore",[5][6] was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India.[7] He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.[8][9][10] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna.[11]

Tipu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,[12] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu became the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death from cancer in 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated with the British in 1784 with the Treaty of Mangalore which ended the war in status quo ante bellum.

Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.[13]

Tipu remained an enemy of the British East India Company. He initiated an attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.

Tipu also introduced administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,[14] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.[15] He is known for his patronage to Channapatna toys.[16]

  1. ^ H. Davis, Richard (1999). Lives of Indian Images. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Princeton University Press. p. 149. ISBN 0-691-00520-6. Both Haidar 'Ali and Tipu Sultan were parvenu Sunni Muslim rulers...
  2. ^ The Writing of the Nation by Its Elite: The Politics of Anglophone Indian Literature in the Global Age. 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA: Routledge. 2022. ISBN 978-0-367-54129-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  3. ^ Yazdani, Kaveh (2017). "2: Mysore". India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.). Brill. pp. 312, 313. doi:10.1163/9789004330795_004. ISBN 978-90-04-33078-8. ISSN 1877-3206. After coming into power, Tipu ordered his 'ulama' to collect significant matters of Mohammadan law, especially those corresponding to the Hanafi School of thought. As a result, a Persian treatise on the important laws of Islam called Fiqh-i Mohammadi was written down. Indeed, the existing sources suggest that Tipu was in all likelihood a Sunni Muslim who belonged to the Hanafi School.
  4. ^ "6: The Private as Public". The Politics of Modern Indian Language Literature. 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA: Routledge. 2024. ISBN 978-1-032-69578-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. ^ Cavendish, Richard (4 May 1999). "Tipu Sultan killed at Seringapatam". History Today. 49 (5). Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  6. ^ Brittlebank, Kate (2022). Tiger: The Life of Tipu Sultan. Claritas Books. ISBN 978-1-905837-87-8. Retrieved 15 April 2024. Quote=Aer he died, it became his epithet – 'the Tiger of Mysore' the British called him.
  7. ^ Yazdani, Kaveh (2017). India, Modernity and the Great Divergence. Brill. p. 67. ISBN 9789004330795.
  8. ^ Colley, Linda (2000). "Going Native, Telling Tales: Captivity, Collaborations and Empire". Past & Present (168): 190. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 651308.
  9. ^ Dalrymple 2019, p. 243.
  10. ^ Jamil, Arish. "Why Mysore? The Idealistic and Materialistic Factors Behind Tipu Sultan's War Rocket Success" (PDF). Emory Endeavors in World History – Volume 5. Emory College of Arts and Science. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Narasimha was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Roy 2011, p. 77.
  13. ^ Hasan 2005, pp. 105–107.
  14. ^ Hasan 2005, p. 399.
  15. ^ Datta, R.K. (2007). Global Silk Industry: A Complete Source Book. APH Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-313-0087-9.
  16. ^ "History of Channapatna Toys". Craftdeals.in. January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.