Tironian notes

Tironian notes
Script type
shorthand
CreatorMarcus Tullius Tiro
Created60s BC
Time period
1st century BC – 16th century AD
Statusa few Tironian symbols are still in modern use
LanguagesLatin
Unicode
Et: U+204A, U+2E52; MUFI
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Tironian notes (Latin: notae Tironianae) are a form of thousands of signs that were formerly used in a system of shorthand (Tironian shorthand) dating from the 1st century BCE and named after Tiro, a personal secretary to Marcus Tullius Cicero, who is often credited as their inventor.[1] Tiro's system consisted of about 4,000 signs,[2] extended to 5,000 signs by others. During the medieval period, Tiro's notation system was taught in European monasteries and expanded to a total of about 13,000 signs.[3] The use of Tironian notes declined after 1100 but lasted into the 17th century. A few Tironian signs are still used today.[4][5]

  1. ^ Di Renzo, Anthony (2000). "His Master's Voice: Tiro and the Rise of the Roman Secretarial Class" (PDF). Journal of Technical Writing & Communication. 30 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  2. ^ Job, Barbara. Schierholz, Stefan J. (ed.). "Kürzel" [Shorthand]. Wörterbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (WSK) Online (in German). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  3. ^ Guénin, Louis-Prosper; Guénin, Eugène (1908). Histoire de la sténographie dans l'antiquité et au moyen-âge; les notes tironiennes (in French). Paris: Hachette et cie. OCLC 301255530.
  4. ^ Mitzschke, Paul Gottfried; Lipsius, Justus (1882) [1875]. Biography of the father of stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro; together with the Latin letter, "De notis", concerning the origin of shorthand. Translated by Heffley, Norman P. OCLC 11943552.
  5. ^ Kopp, Ulrich Friedrich; Bischoff, Bernhard (1965). Lexicon Tironianum (in German). Osnabrück: Zeller. OCLC 2996309.