Tissue-type plasminogen activator

PLAT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1A5H, 1BDA, 1PK2, 1PML, 1RTF, 1TPG, 1TPK, 1TPM, 1TPN, 5BRR
Identifiers
Aliases	PLAT, T-PA, TPA, plasminogen activator, tissue type
External IDs	OMIM: 173370; MGI: 97610; HomoloGene: 717; GeneCards: PLAT; OMA:PLAT - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8p11.21 Start 42,174,718 bp[1] End 42,207,709 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 A2|8 11.42 cM Start 23,247,743 bp[2] End 23,272,860 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium pancreatic ductal cell urethra vena cava mucosa of urinary bladder lactiferous duct pylorus gallbladder left uterine tube cardia Top expressed in primary oocyte secondary oocyte saccule utricle molecular layer of cerebellar cortex renal corpuscle zygote optic nerve sciatic nerve otic placode More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function peptidase activity phosphoprotein binding serine-type peptidase activity serine-type endopeptidase activity signaling receptor binding hydrolase activity protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular matrix apical part of cell secretory granule extracellular region cell surface extracellular exosome extracellular space collagen-containing extracellular matrix Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse glutamatergic synapse Biological process negative regulation of proteolysis response to hypoxia fibrinolysis blood coagulation smooth muscle cell migration proteolysis platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway plasminogen activation trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5327 18791 Ensembl ENSG00000104368 ENSMUSG00000031538 UniProt P00750 P11214 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_033011 NM_000930 NM_000931 NM_001319189 NM_008872 RefSeq (protein) NP_000921 NP_001306118 NP_127509 NP_032898 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 42.17 – 42.21 Mb Chr 8: 23.25 – 23.27 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Tissue-type plasminogen activator, short name tPA, is a protein that facilitates the breakdown of blood clots. It acts as an enzyme to convert plasminogen into its active form plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. It is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.68) found on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. Human tPA is encoded by the PLAT gene, and has a molecular weight of ~70 kDa in the single-chain form.^[5]

tPA can be manufactured using recombinant biotechnology techniques, producing types of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) such as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. These drugs are used in clinical medicine to treat embolic or thrombotic stroke, but they are contraindicated and dangerous in cases of hemorrhagic stroke and head trauma. The antidote for tPA in case of toxicity is aminocaproic acid.