Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
Unit cell of titanium dioxide (rutile form)
  Titanium   Oxygen
The unit cell of rutile
Names
IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
Other names
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.327 Edit this at Wikidata
E number E171 (colours)
KEGG
RTECS number
  • XR2775000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2O.Ti checkY
    Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2
    Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-TYTSCOISAW
  • O=[Ti]=O
Properties
TiO
2
Molar mass 79.866 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Odorless
Density
  • 4.23 g/cm3 (rutile)
  • 3.78 g/cm3 (anatase)
Melting point 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)
Boiling point 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K)
Insoluble
Band gap 3.21 eV (anatase)[1]

3.15 eV (rutile)[1]

+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
  • 2.488 (anatase)
  • 2.583 (brookite)
  • 2.609 (rutile)
Thermochemistry
50 J·mol−1·K−1[2]
−945 kJ·mol−1[2]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
0
0
Flash point not flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 15 mg/m3[3]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [5000 mg/m3][3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0338
Related compounds
Other cations
 Zirconium dioxide
Hafnium dioxide
Titanium(II) oxide
Titanium(III) oxide
Titanium(III,IV) oxide
Related compounds
 Titanic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891.[4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes.[5][6][7] It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.[8]

  1. ^ a b Zanatta A (May 2024). "Temperature-dependent optical bandgap of TiO2 under the Anatase and Rutile phases". Results Phys. 60: 107653–5pp. doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107653.
  2. ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
  3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0617". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ Völz, Hans G., et al. (2006). "Pigments, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  5. ^ "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
  6. ^ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.
  7. ^ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2016.
  8. ^ Schonbrun Z. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 24 April 2018.