Tokugawa shogunate

Tokugawa shogunate 徳川幕府 Tokugawa bakufu
1603–1868
Mon of the Tokugawa clan
National seal 經文緯武 (from 1857)
Capital	Edo (Shōgun's residence) Heian-kyō (Emperor's palace)
Largest city	Osaka (1600–1613) Heian-kyō (1613–1638) Edo (1638–1868)
Common languages	Early Modern Japanese[1] Modern Japanese[1]
Religion	State religions: Japanese Buddhism[2] Confucianism[3] Others: Shinto[3] Shinbutsu-shūgō[4] Japanese Buddhism[5] Christianity[6] (banned, until 1853)[3]
Government	Feudal[7] dynastic[8] hereditary military dictatorship[9][10]
Emperor
• 1600–1611 (first)	Go-Yōzei[11]
• 1867–1868 (last)	Meiji[12]
Shōgun
• 1603–1605 (first)[13]	Tokugawa Ieyasu
• 1866–1868 (last)	Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Historical era	Edo period
• Battle of Sekigahara	21 October 1600[14]
• Siege of Osaka	8 November 1614
• Sakoku Edict of 1635	1635
• Kanagawa Treaty	31 March 1854
• Harris Treaty	29 July 1858
• Meiji Restoration	3 January 1868[15]
Currency	The tri-metallic Tokugawa coinage system based on copper Mon, silver Bu and Shu, as well as gold Ryō.
Preceded by Succeeded by Azuchi–Momoyama period Tokugawa clan Empire of Japan Republic of Ezo
Today part of	Japan

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The Tokugawa shogunate (/ˌtɒkuːˈɡɑːwə/ TOK-oo-GAH-wə;^[17] Japanese: 徳川幕府, romanized: Tokugawa bakufu, IPA: [tokɯgawa, tokɯŋawa baꜜkɯ̥ɸɯ]), also known as the Edo shogunate (江戸幕府, Edo bakufu), was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.^[18][19][20]

The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the shōgun, and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo) along with the daimyō lords of the samurai class.^[21][22][19] The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of Sakoku to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each daimyō administering a han (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as imperial provinces. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization, which led to the rise of the merchant class and Ukiyo culture.

The Tokugawa shogunate declined during the Bakumatsu period from 1853 and was overthrown by supporters of the Imperial Court in the Meiji Restoration in 1868. The Empire of Japan was established under the Meiji government, and Tokugawa loyalists continued to fight in the Boshin War until the defeat of the Republic of Ezo at the Battle of Hakodate in June 1869.