 South facade of the Tomb of Eurysaces outside Porta Maggiore, with the Aqua Claudia behind; the nine cylinders may represent grain measures or mixing vessels | |
   Tomb of Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces the baker Shown within Rome | |
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| Coordinates | 41°53′29.16″N 12°30′55.08″E / 41.8914333°N 12.5153000°E |
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The tomb of Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces the baker is one of the largest and best-preserved freedman funerary monuments in Rome. Its sculpted frieze is a classic example of the "plebeian style" in Roman sculpture. Eurysaces built the tomb for himself and perhaps also his wife Atistia around the end of the Republic (ca. 50–20 BCE). Located in a prominent position just outside today's Porta Maggiore, the tomb was transformed by its incorporation into the Aurelian Wall; a tower subsequently erected by Honorius covered the tomb, the remains of which were exposed upon its removal by Gregory XVI in 1838.[1] What is particularly significant about this extravagant tomb is that it was built by a freedman, a former slave.
Three sides of the slightly trapezoidal structure remain largely intact. All have the same form, with a plain lower storey now mostly below ground level but exposed, consisting of pairs of engaged columns between flat vertical slabs, all crammed together with no space in between. The effect is far from the classical orders; at the corners the slabs turn to pilasters rising at the top level to unorthodox capitals combining scrolls at the sides with plant forms in the centre.[2] There are unusual circular openings in the topmost storey, now thought to represent kneading-basins or grain-measuring vessels. Below a cornice is the frieze, with continuous scenes in relief showing the operation of the bakery where Eurysaces made what was evidently a considerable fortune. Reconstructions imagine a gently rising roof above this, now lost.[3]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
PlatnerAshbywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The capitals are more typical of interior decoration in paint or stucco than a large stone facade. They are a sort of anticipation of the Composite order, usually traced to somewhat later.
- ^ "Rome, Tomb of Eurysaces, model - Livius".