Tou Yuan Kingdom | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early 7th century – 647 | |||||||||
  Tou Yuan Location of Tou Yuan in present–Thailand | |||||||||
| Historical era | Post-classical era | ||||||||
• Formation | Early 7th century | ||||||||
• First sent tribute to China | 644 | ||||||||
• Annexed to Dvaravati | 647 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Thailand | ||||||||
Tou Yuan or Nou Tou Yuan or Tuhuan (Chinese: 陀垣 or 陁垣 or 耨陀垣[1]: 305–6 ) was a short-lived ancient Mon political entity that existed on the coast near the present Chanthaburi in Thailand.[1]: 267 It was formed following the fall of Funan in the early 7th century and was later annexed to Dvaravati in 647.[1]: 269
It was the Mon's settlements,[2]: 90 bordered with Dvaravati in the west, to the north met the Lavo Kingdom, and to the southeast met Chen-li-fu Chantaburi,[1]: 267 which later became part of Chenla.[1]: 267. 289
- ^ a b c d e Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1950). "The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 9 (3). Duke University Press: 256–305. doi:10.2307/2049556. JSTOR 2049556. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
- ^ Wang Gang-wu (1958). "The Nanhai Trade: A Study of the Early History of Chinese Trade in the South China Sea" (PDF). Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (182): 3–135.