Trachyte

For other uses, see Trachyte (disambiguation).
Trachyte
Igneous rock
A cut sample of trachyte, with phenocrysts of sanidine, in a wall in Germany
Composition
ClassificationFelsic
PrimaryAlkali feldspar
SecondaryPlagioclase, quartz, or feldspathoid
TextureAphanitic
EquivalentsIntrusive variant is syenite

Trachyte (/ˈtreɪkaɪt, ˈtræk-/) is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanitic (fine-grained), with minor amounts of mafic minerals,[1] and is formed by the rapid cooling of lava (or shallow intrusions) enriched with silica and alkali metals.[2][3][4] It is the volcanic equivalent of syenite.[5]

Trachyte is common wherever alkali magma is erupted, including in late stages of ocean island volcanism[6][7] and in continental rift valleys,[8] above mantle plumes,[9] and in areas of back-arc extension.[10] Trachyte has also been found in Gale crater on Mars.[11]

Trachyte has been used as decorative building stone[12] and was extensively used as dimension stone in the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice.[13]

  1. ^ Macdonald, Gordon A. (1983). Volcanoes in the sea : the geology of Hawaii (2nd ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824808320.
  2. ^ LE BAS, M. J.; STRECKEISEN, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". Journal of the Geological Society. 148 (5): 825–833. Bibcode:1991JGSoc.148..825L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.4446. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825. S2CID 28548230.
  3. ^ "Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous" (PDF). British Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme. 1: 1–52. 1999. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  4. ^ "CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011.
  5. ^ Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 140. ISBN 9780521880060.
  6. ^ MacDonald 1983, pp. 51-52
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference philpotts-ague-2009-ioalk was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Kresten, Peter; Troll, Valentin R. (2018). The Alnö Carbonatite Complex, Central Sweden. GeoGuide. Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-319-90223-4.
  9. ^ Philpotts and Ague 2009, pp. 390-394
  10. ^ Pe-Piper, G.; Piper, D.J.W. (2005). "The South Aegean active volcanic arc: relationships between magmatism and tectonics". Developments in Volcanology. 7: 113–133. doi:10.1016/S1871-644X(05)80034-8. ISBN 9780444520463.
  11. ^ Sautter, Violaine; Toplis, Michael J.; Beck, Pierre; Mangold, Nicolas; Wiens, Roger; Pinet, Patrick; Cousin, Agnes; Maurice, Sylvestre; LeDeit, Laetitia; Hewins, Roger; Gasnault, Olivier; Quantin, Cathy; Forni, Olivier; Newsom, Horton; Meslin, Pierre-Yves; Wray, James; Bridges, Nathan; Payré, Valérie; Rapin, William; Le Mouélic, Stéphane (June 2016). "Magmatic complexity on early Mars as seen through a combination of orbital, in-situ and meteorite data". Lithos. 254–255: 36–52. Bibcode:2016Litho.254...36S. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2016.02.023.
  12. ^ Troll, Valentin R.; Carracedo, Juan Carlos (2016). "The Geology of Fuerteventura". The Geology of the Canary Islands: 531–582. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809663-5.00008-6. ISBN 9780128096635.
  13. ^ Germinario, Luigi; Siegesmund, Siegfried; Maritan, Lara; Mazzoli, Claudio (November 2017). "Petrophysical and mechanical properties of Euganean trachyte and implications for dimension stone decay and durability performance". Environmental Earth Sciences. 76 (21): 739. Bibcode:2017EES....76..739G. doi:10.1007/s12665-017-7034-6. S2CID 133942939.