Genus of flowering plants in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae
Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family , Euphorbiaceae . It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula , the Indian Subcontinent , northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns .[ 8]
Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.[ 9]
These species are used in Siddha medicine , which is practiced by the Tamil people , and is used in curing eczema , fevers , wheezing , and diabetes [citation needed ] .
Species[ 2]
Tragia abortiva – Ethiopia
Tragia acalyphoides – Uzaramo
Tragia adenanthera – Tanzania, Malawi
Tragia adenophila – Paraguay
Tragia affinis – C + S Mexico
Tragia aliena – tropical America
Tragia amblyodonta – Mexico, SW US
Tragia angolensis – Angola, Zambia
Tragia arabica – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
Tragia arnhemica – Northern Territory
Tragia ashiae – Ethiopia
Tragia aurea – Bolivia
Tragia bahiensis – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
Tragia balfourii – Socotra
Tragia ballyi – Kenya
Tragia baroniana – Madagascar
Tragia benthamii – tropical Africa
Tragia betonicifolia – SC US
Tragia bicolor – S India
Tragia biflora – Hispaniola
Tragia boiviniana – Nosy Be
Tragia bongolana – Sudan
Tragia brevipes – C + E Africa
Tragia brevispica – Texas, Oklahoma, Tamaulipas
Tragia brouniana – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
Tragia capensis – South Africa
Tragia caperonioides – Paraguay
Tragia catamarcensis – Catamarca
Tragia ceanothifolia – Kenya
Tragia cearensis – Ceará
Tragia chevalieri – Benin , Ivory Coast, Nigeria
Tragia chlorocaulon – Bolivia, S Brazil
Tragia cinerea – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya
Tragia cocculifolia – Madagascar
Tragia collina – KwaZulu-Natal
Tragia cordata – SE + SC US
Tragia correae – Costa Rica, Panama
Tragia crenata – Ethiopia
Tragia cubensis – Cuba
Tragia cuneata – Bahia
Tragia descampsii – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania
Tragia dinteri – Namibia
Tragia dioica – southern Africa
Tragia dodecandra – N Argentina
Tragia doryodes – Ethiopia
Tragia durbanensis – S Mozambique, South Africa
Tragia fallacina – Uruguay
Tragia fasciculata – Central African Rep
Tragia finalis – N Queensland
Tragia friesii – Bolivia, NW Argentina
Tragia furialis – SE Africa, Comoros , Madagascar
Tragia gardneri – Zimbabwe
Tragia geraniifolia – SE South America
Tragia giardelliae – S Brazil, Misiones
Tragia glabrescens – Kenya, Tanzania
Tragia glanduligera – Mexico, S Texas
Tragia gracilis – E Cuba
Tragia guatemalensis – Guatemala
Tragia guyanensis – Amazonas in S Venezuela
Tragia hassleriana – Paraguay
Tragia hieronymi – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay
Tragia hildebrandtii – E Africa
Tragia hispida – Uttarakhand , Nepal, Assam , Bhutan , Bangladesh
Tragia imerinica – Madagascar
Tragia impedita – Kenya, Tanzania
Tragia incana – Uruguay
Tragia incisifolia – southern Africa
Tragia insuavis – Kenya, Tanzania
Tragia involucrata – Indian Subcontinent
Tragia ivohibeensis – Madagascar
Tragia jonesii – NW Mexico
Tragia karsteniana – Colombia
Tragia kirkiana – E + SE Africa
Tragia laciniata – S Arizona , Chihuahua , Sonora
Tragia laminularis – W Africa
Tragia lancifolia – Namibia
Tragia lasiophylla – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
Tragia lassia – Madagascar
Tragia leucandra – S Brazil
Tragia lippiifolia – Tanzania
Tragia lukafuensis – Katanga , Zambia
Tragia mazoensis – Zimbabwe
Tragia melochioides – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
Tragia mexicana – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
Tragia meyeriana – southern Africa
Tragia micromenes – Zambia
Tragia mildbraediana – W Africa
Tragia minor – southern Africa
Tragia mitis – Sudan, Ethiopia
Tragia mixta – E Africa
Tragia moammarensis – Yemen
Tragia monadelpha – Guinea
Tragia montana – S India, Sri Lanka
Tragia negeliensis – Ethiopia
Tragia nepetifolia – Mexico, Honduras, SW US
Tragia nigricans – Texas
Tragia novae-hollandiae – Queensland, New South Wales
Tragia okanyua – E + SE + S Africa
Tragia pacifica – Chiapas , Oaxaca , Sinaloa
Tragia paxii – S Brazil, Misiones
Tragia peltata – Rio de Janeiro
Tragia perrieri – Madagascar
Tragia petiolaris – Tanzania, Zambia
Tragia physocarpa – Namibia, Limpopo
Tragia pinnata – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
Tragia platycalyx – Singida
Tragia plukenetii – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka
Tragia plumieri – Haiti
Tragia pogostemonoides – Tanzania
Tragia pohlii – Goiás
Tragia polyandra – S Brazil, Misiones , Paraguay
Tragia polygonoides – Ivory Coast
Tragia potosina – San Luis Potosí
Tragia praetervisa – S India, Sri Lanka
Tragia preussii – W + C Africa
Tragia prionoides – Zimbabwe, Limpopo
Tragia prostrata – Zambia
Tragia pungens – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
Tragia ramosa – SW + SC US, Nuevo León , Coahuila
Tragia rhodesiae – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi
Tragia rhoicifolia – N Somalia
Tragia rogersii – Limpopo
Tragia rupestris – southern Africa
Tragia sanjappae – S India
Tragia saxicola – S Florida
Tragia schlechteri – KwaZulu-Natal
Tragia schweinfurthii – Ethiopia
Tragia senegalensis – W Africa
Tragia shirensis – Malawi, Mozambique
Tragia smallii – SE US
Tragia sonderi – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini
Tragia spathulata – W Africa
Tragia stipularis – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia
Tragia subhastata – Peru
Tragia subsessilis – Kenya, Tanzania
Tragia tabulaemontana – French Guiana
Tragia tenuifolia – tropical Africa
Tragia tiverneana – Madagascar
Tragia tripartita – Sudan
Tragia tristis – Paraguay, Brazil
Tragia triumfetoides – Ethiopia
Tragia uberabana – SE + SC South America
Tragia ukambensis – Kenya, Uganda
Tragia uncinata – Ethiopia
Tragia urens – SE US
Tragia urticifolia – SE + SC US, Tamaulipas , Campeche
Tragia vogelii – W + C Africa
Tragia volubilis – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa
Tragia wahlbergiana – Mozambique, Limpopo
Tragia wildemanii – W Africa
Tragia yucatanensis – Yucatán , Belize, Honduras
formerly included[ 2]
moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )
^ lectotype designated by J. K. Small in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 458 (7 Jun 1913)
^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
^ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010 . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
^ Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 73(2): 155–281.
^ Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tragia " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 December 2015 .
^ Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (10 December 2021). "Tragia L. Genus: Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity" . Plants . 10 (12): 2717. doi :10.3390/plants10122717 . PMC 8705345 . PMID 34961188 .