The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a complex of proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. It allows movement of proteins through this barrier and into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. Most of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function are encoded by the nucleus of the cell. The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is impermeable to large molecules greater than 5000 daltons.[1] The TOM works in conjunction with the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) to translocate proteins into the mitochondrion. Many of the proteins in the TOM complex, such as TOMM22, were first identified in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[2] Many of the genes encoding these proteins are designated as TOMM (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane) complex genes.
The complete mitochondrial protein translocase complex includes at least 19 proteins: several chaperones, four proteins of the outer membrane translocase (Tom) import receptor, five proteins of the Tom channel complex, five proteins of the inner membrane translocase (Tim) and three "motor" proteins.
^Seki N, Moczko M, Nagase T, et al. (1996). "A human homolog of the mitochondrial protein import receptor Mom19 can assemble with the yeast mitochondrial receptor complex". FEBS Lett. 375 (3): 307–10. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01229-8. PMID7498524.
