Transnistria War

Transnistria War
Part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Transnistria conflict

Separatist forces during the Battle of Bender.
Date2 November 1990 – 21 July 1992
(1 year, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Main phase: 2 March – 21 July 1992
(4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location
Transnistria, Moldova
Result

Russian–Transnistrian victory

  • Transnistria becomes a de facto independent state, but remains internationally recognized as part of Moldova
Belligerents
/ Moldova[a]
Supported by:
 Romania
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

Transnistria Armed Forces

  • Republican Guard

Ministry of Interior

Russia Russian Armed Forces

Russian volunteers

Gagauz volunteers[23]
/ Ukrainian volunteers
Casualties and losses
316–637 civilians killed in total[26]

The Transnistria War (Romanian: Războiul din Transnistria; Russian: Война в Приднестровье, romanized: Voyna v Pridnestrovye) was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari (Russian: Дубосса́ры, romanized: Dubossary) between pro-Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, PMR) forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.

Fighting intensified on 1 March 1992 and, alternating with ad hoc ceasefires, lasted throughout the spring and early summer of 1992 until a ceasefire was declared on 21 July 1992, which has held. The conflict is sometimes known as the Moldo-Russian war (Romanian: Războiul moldo-rus) in Moldova and Romania.[27]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ a b De La Pedraja, René (2018). The Russian Military Resurgence: Post-Soviet Decline and Rebuilding, 1992–2018. McFarland. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9781476634494. This response was too much for the commander of the 14th Army General Yuri Netkachev, who ordered Russian troops to drive out the Moldovan forces. The 14th Army had always supported the separatists since the very beginning, but this direct support was the first open participation in combat. ... The participation of the 14th Army was indispensable for the victory of the separatists, ... Moldovan forces were concentrated in a forest near Bender, and Lebed decided to stop their advance by relying on his powerful artillery. At 0300 on 3 July massive barrages rained down on the unsuspecting Moldovans ...
  2. ^ de Waal, Thomas (2018). Uncertain Ground: Engaging with Europe's De Facto States and Breakaway Territories (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 39. Neither side had a proper military force. The intervention of the Russian Fourteenth Army and its commander General Alexander Lebed on behalf of the Transdniestrians was decisive.
  3. ^ Kosienkowski, Marcin; Schreiber, William (8 May 2012). Moldova: Arena of International Influences. Lexington. ISBN 9780739173923. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  4. ^ Павел Крянгэ: «За всю войну я не получил ни одного письменного приказа! [Pavel Creangă: "During the entire war I did not receive a single written order!"]. KP.Md. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  5. ^ a b "О мерах по реализации Указа Президента Республики Молдова от 14 ноября 1991 года "Об объявлении собственностью Республики Молдова вооружения, военной техники, другого военного имущества, принадлежащего воинским частям, дислоцированным на территории республики"" [On measures to implement the Decree of the President of the Republic of Moldova of November 14, 1991 "On declaring the property of the Republic of Moldova weapons, military equipment, other military property belonging to military units stationed on the territory of the republic"] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Категория:Книга Памяти" [Category:Book of Memory] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.
  7. ^ Конфликт глубокой заморозки [Deep freeze conflict] (in Russian). Mk.ru. August 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  8. ^ "История Войны" [History of War] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Приднестровье без Шевцова". Zavtra.ru. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  10. ^ M. A. (12 June 2012). "Transnistria: Monument pentru generalul criminal Lebed". Ziua Veche. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  11. ^ a b Tarasiuk, Taras; Umland, Andreas (29 September 2021). "Unexpected Friendships: Cooperation of Ukrainian Ultra-Nationalists with Russian and Pro-Kremlin Actors". Illiberalism Studies Program. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  12. ^ Munteanu, Anatole (10 July 2009). Кампания в Тигине [Campaign in Tigine]. artofwar.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  13. ^ a b Richard Humphries. "Transnistria: relic of a bygone era", The Japan Times, 8 October 2001. Retrieved 6 August 2014
  14. ^ Kumar Rupesinghe and Valery A. Tishkov (1996), "Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world" Chapter 5, "Dynamics of the Moldova Trans-Dniester ethnic conflict (late 1980s to early 1990s)" Archived 10 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, United Nations University Press
  15. ^ "Mircea Snegur: 'Ne-am achitat cu România cu un MiG 29'". 14 October 2011.
  16. ^ "Borderland Europe: Transforming Transnistria?". Archived from the original on 25 March 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  17. ^ "RUSSIA". www.hrw.org.
  18. ^ Necșuțu, Mădălin (22 January 2021). "BIRN fact-check: what must be done for Russian forces to leave Transnistria?". Balkan Insight.
  19. ^ Hughes, James and Sasse, Gwendolyn: Ethnicity and territory in the former Soviet Union: regions in conflict. Taylor & Francis, 2002, page 107. ISBN 0-7146-8210-1
  20. ^ Voskresenskaya, Ludmila (6 April 2014). 6 апреля казаки в Краснодаре провели поминовение погибших во время военного конфликта в Приднестровье (ФОТО) [On 6 April, Cossacks in Krasnodar held a commemoration for those killed during the military conflict in Transnistria (PHOTO)] (in Russian). Radio Pridnestrovie. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
  21. ^ Gladkovskaya, V. Участие казаков России в Приднестровском конфликте [Participation of Russian Cossacks in the Transnistrian conflict]. olvia.idknet.com (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  22. ^ Konoplyov, Roman (2 February 2014). Приднестровье и Молдова. Можно ли уйти из СССР? (in Russian). Roman Konoplev – via Google Books.
  23. ^ Bejan, Ștefan (21 August 2017). "'Noi trebuie să ne închinăm rușilor și să uităm de români'. Interviu cu primul lider al găgăuzilor din Moldova". moldNova (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 23 August 2017.
  24. ^ Sabrina Ramet (1999), "The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989", Pennsylvania University Press. ISBN 0-271-01810-0, pp. 290 ff.
  25. ^ Tkachuk, Maryna (19 August 2011). "uk:'Краще згинути вовком, нiж жити псом'" [Better to die as a wolf than live as a dog]. Ukraina Moloda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Moldova". UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2013 – via Uppsala Universitet.
  27. ^ Ursu, Valentina (1 March 2020). "Oazu Nantoi: "Conflictul nu este intern. Pacificatorii ruși au menirea de a nu admite rezolvarea acestui conflict"". Radio Europa Liberă Moldova (in Romanian).