Trap | |
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Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | 1990s, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.[1] |
Derivative forms | |
Subgenres | |
Fusion genres | |
Local scenes | |
Trap is a subgenre of hip hop music pioneered by Atlanta rappers T.I., Jeezy, and Gucci Mane, which originated in the Southern United States, with lyrical references to trap starting in 1991 but the modern sound of trap appearing in 1999.[1][3] The genre gets its name from the Atlanta slang term "trap house", a house used exclusively to sell drugs.[4] Trap music is known for its simple, rhythmic, minimalistic productions that uses synthesized drums, and is characterized by complex hi-hat patterns, snare drums, bass drums, some tuned with a long decay to emit a bass frequency (originally from the Roland TR-808 drum machine), and lyrical content that often focuses on drug use and urban violence.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Pioneers of the genre include producers DJ Paul & Juicy J, Kurtis Mantronik, Harry James Barton, Mannie Fresh, Shawty Redd, Fatboi, Zaytoven, DJ Screw, and DJ Toomp, along with rappers T.I., Jeezy, and Gucci Mane. The modern trap sound first appeared in 1999 with East Point's Greatest Hit by Cool Breeze.[1] The style was popularized by producer Lex Luger, who produced the influential Waka Flocka Flame album Flockaveli in 2010, and cofounded the prolific hip-hop production team 808 Mafia.[4]
Since crossing over into the mainstream in the 2010s, trap has become one of the most popular forms of American music, consistently dominating the Billboard Hot 100 throughout the decade, with artists such as Drake, Kendrick Lamar, Future, Playboi Carti, 21 Savage, Migos, Lil Uzi Vert, Post Malone, XXXTentacion, DaBaby, Roddy Ricch, Young Thug, and Travis Scott (among many others) all achieving No. 1s on the chart with songs featuring production inspired by the trap subgenre.[11][12][13][14] It has influenced the music of many pop and R&B artists, such as Ariana Grande, Beyoncé, Miley Cyrus, Rihanna and more.[4][15] Its influence can also be heard in reggaetón and K-pop.[15] In 2018, hip-hop became the most popular form of music for the first time ever (according to Nielsen Data), coinciding with trap's continued rise in popularity.[16] 2019 saw mega trap hits amass high commercial success such as Ariana Grande's "7 Rings" spending eight weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the country-trap song "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X (featuring Billy Ray Cyrus), which broke the record for spending the most weeks (19) on top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as becoming the fastest song to reach a Diamond Certification.[17][18]
The PC Music sound is an undeniable influence on hyperpop,but the style also pulls heavily from rap of the cloud, emo and lo-fi trap variety, as well as flamboyant electronic genres like trance, dubstep and chiptune.