Trawniki concentration camp

Trawniki concentration camp
Forced labour (left) and the SS training camp
Original German site plan of the Trawniki camp (as of June 21, 1942).

Left: Slave labor camp for condemned Jewish prisoners.
Centre: Supply road with two gates, north and south.
Right: Training compound for the Hiwi shooters around the military training plaza
(handwritten ① with red arrow).
north of the former sugar refinery with kitchen (hand-coloured in brown).
German SS quarters with infirmary and storeroom (hand-coloured in red).
Commandant's house ([lower down]).
From the original German legend:
1 & 2. Unterkünfte der Ukrainer des Ausbildungslagers
"Accommodations for the Ukrainians at the training camp"
3. Garage  [Squad deployment vehicles]
4. Unterkünfte der Esten und Letten des Ausbildungslagers
"Accommodations for the Estonians and Latvians at the training camp"
11. Ställe in Steingebäuden
"Stables in stone building" [Livestock for Hiwi food supply]

Location of Trawniki on the map of the Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
Operated bySS-Totenkopfverbände
CommandantHermann Höfle, Karl Streibel
Original usePOW camp for 1941 Operation Barbarossa
Operational1941 – November 1943
KilledAt least 12,000 Jews at the labour camp (left) [1]

The Trawniki concentration camp was set up by Nazi Germany in the village of Trawniki about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Lublin during the occupation of Poland in World War II. Throughout its existence the camp served a dual function. It was organized on the grounds of the former Polish sugar refinery of the Central Industrial Region, and subdivided into at least three distinct zones.[1]

The Trawniki camp first opened after the outbreak of war with the Soviet Union, intended to hold Soviet POWs, with rail lines in all major directions in the General Government territory. Between 1941 and 1944, the camp expanded into an SS training camp for collaborationist auxiliary police, mainly Ukrainian.[2] In 1942, it became the forced-labor camp for thousands of Jews within the Majdanek concentration camp system as well.[3] The Jewish inmates of Trawniki provided slave labour for the makeshift industrial plants of SS-Ostindustrie, working in appalling conditions with little food.[1]

There were 12,000 Jews imprisoned at Trawniki as of 1943 sorting through trainsets of clothing delivered from Holocaust locations.[4] They were all massacred during Operation Harvest Festival of November 3, 1943, by the auxiliary units of Trawniki men stationed at the same location, helped by the travelling Reserve Police Battalion 101 from Orpo. The first camp commandant was Hermann Hoefle, replaced by Karl Streibel.[1][5][6]

  1. ^ a b c d Mgr Stanisław Jabłoński (1927–2002). "Hitlerowski obóz w Trawnikach" [The Nazi camp at Trawniki]. The camp history (in Polish). Trawniki official website. Retrieved July 12, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Tadeusz Piotrowski (2006). Ukrainian Collaboration. McFarland. p. 217. ISBN 0786429135. Retrieved July 12, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference USHMM1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Mgr Stanisław Jabłoński (1927–2002). "Dożynki" [Operation Harvest Festival]. The camp history (in Polish). Trawniki official website. Retrieved July 12, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Jack R. Fischel (Jul 17, 2010). Trawniki labor camp. Scarecrow Press. pp. 264–265. ISBN 978-0810874855. Retrieved July 12, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Donald L. Niewyk, Francis R. Nicosia (2012). Trawniki. A labor camp. Columbia University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0231528788. Retrieved July 12, 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)