Trema orientale

Trema orientale
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Cannabaceae
Genus: Trema
Species:
T. orientale
Binomial name
Trema orientale
Synonyms[2]
List
    • Celtis commersonii Brongn.
    • Celtis glomerata Hochst.
    • Celtis guineensis Schumach. & Thonn.
    • Celtis laeta Salisb.
    • Celtis madagascariensis Bojer
    • Celtis orientalis L.
    • Celtis rigida Blume
    • Sponia affinis Planch.
    • Sponia africana Planch.
    • Sponia andaresa Comm. ex Lam.
    • Sponia argentea Planch.
    • Sponia bracteolata Hochst.
    • Sponia commersonii Decne. ex Planch.
    • Sponia glomerata Hochst.
    • Sponia guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Planch.
    • Sponia hochstetteri Planch.
    • Sponia lucida Hassk.
    • Sponia nitens Hook.f. ex Planch.
    • Sponia orientalis (L.) Decne. ex Planch.
    • Sponia rigida (Blume) Decne. ex Planch.
    • Sponia scaberrima Miq.
    • Sponia strigosa Planch.
    • Sponia wightii Planch.
    • Trema affine (Planch.) Blume
    • Trema africanum (Planch.) Blume
    • Trema argenteum (Planch.) Blume
    • Trema bracteolatum (Hochst.) Blume
    • Trema burmanni Blume
    • Trema commersonii (Decne. ex Planch.) Blume
    • Trema glomeratum (Hochst.) Blume
    • Trema grevei Baill.
    • Trema griseum Baker
    • Trema guineense (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho
    • Trema hochstetteri (Planch.) Engl.
    • Trema nitens (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Blume
    • Trema rigidum (Blume) Blume
    • Trema scaberrimum (Miq.) Blume
    • Trema sieberi Blume

Trema orientale (sometimes Trema orientalis) is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae.[2][4][5][6] It is known by many common names, including charcoal-tree,[6] Indian charcoal-tree,[6] pigeon wood,[7] Oriental trema,[8] and in Hawaii, where it has become naturalized, gunpowder tree,[9] or nalita.[10] It has a near universal distribution in tropical and warm temperate parts of the Old World, with a range extending from South Africa, through the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and southern China to Southeast Asia and Australia.

  1. ^ Barstow, M. (2018). Trema orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T61988133A61988136. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T61988133A61988136.en. Downloaded on 30 October 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference powo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^  Under its treatment of Trema orientalis (from its basionym of Celtis orientalis), this plant name was first published in Museum Botanicum 2: 62. 1852. "Name - Trema orientalis (L.) Blume". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
  4. ^ "Name - !Trema orientalis (L.) Blume synonyms". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
  5. ^  The basionym of T. orientalis, Celtis orientalis was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1044. 1753. "Name - Celtis orientalis L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 2, 2011. Type-Protologue: Locality: Habitat in Indiis: Distribution: Sri Lanka
  6. ^ a b c GRIN (May 29, 2007). "Trema orientalis information from NPGS/GRIN". Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved November 2, 2011. Comment: although treated [at GRIN] as feminine, in accordance with botanical tradition (Vienna ICBN Art. 62.1), the genus is of neuter gender according to NCU-3
  7. ^ Malan, Christien; Notten, Alice (April 2005). "Trema orientalis". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  8. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Trema orientalis​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Skolmen, Roger G. (1989). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii: Gunpowder-tree (PDF). Agriculture Handbook No. 679. USDA. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
  10. ^ Jahan, M. Sarwar; Sung Phil Mun (April 2007). "Characteristics of Dioxane Lignins Isolated at Different Ages of Nalita Wood (Trema orientalis)". Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology. 27 (2): 83–98. doi:10.1080/02773810701486865. S2CID 98093199.