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This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (July 2024)

A plate depicting the trial of Charles I in January 1649, from John Nalson's "Record of the Trial of Charles I, 1688" in the British Museum.

In 1649, the Rump Parliament established an ad hoc High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland.