Trichoderma reesei

Trichoderma reesei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Hypocreaceae
Genus: Trichoderma
Species:
T. reesei
Binomial name
Trichoderma reesei
Simmons, 1977

Trichoderma reesei[1] is a mesophilic and filamentous fungus. It is an anamorph of the fungus Hypocrea jecorina. T. reesei can secrete large amounts of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases and hemicellulases). Microbial cellulases have industrial application in the conversion of cellulose, a major component of plant biomass, into glucose.[2]

T. reesei isolate QM6a was originally isolated from the Solomon Islands during World War II because of its degradation of canvas and garments of the US army.[3] All strains currently used in biotechnology and basic research were derived from this isolate.[3]

Recent advances in the biochemistry of cellulase enzymology, the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis (cellulolysis), strain improvement, molecular cloning and process engineering are bringing T. reesei cellulases closer to being a commercially viable route to cellulose hydrolysis.[4] Several industrially useful strains have been developed and characterised, e.g. Rut-C30,[5] RL-P37 and MCG-80. The genome was released in 2008.[6] T. reesei has a mating type-dependent characterised sexual cycle.[3]

  1. ^ Simmons EG (1977) in Bigelow & Simmons, Abstracts, 2nd International Mycological Congress (Tampa) 2: 618.
  2. ^ Kumar R, Singh S, Singh OV (May 2008). "Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical and molecular perspectives". J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35 (5): 377–91. doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0327-8. PMID 18338189. S2CID 4830678.
  3. ^ a b c Seidl V, Seibel C, Kubicek CP, Schmoll M (2009). "Sexual development in the industrial workhorse Trichoderma reesei". PNAS. 106 (33): 13909–13914. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10613909S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904936106. PMC 2728994. PMID 19667182.
  4. ^ Viikari L, Alapuranen M, Puranen T, Vehmaanperä J, Siika-Aho M (2007). "Thermostable enzymes in lignocellulose hydrolysis". Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. 108: 121–45. doi:10.1007/10_2007_065. ISBN 978-3-540-73650-9. PMID 17589813.
  5. ^ Seidl V, Gamauf C, Druzhinina IS, Seiboth B, Hartl L, Kubicek CP (2008). "The Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) hypercellulolytic mutant RUT C30 lacks an 85 kb (29 gene-encoding) region of the wild-type genome". BMC Genomics. 9: 327. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-327. PMC 2483294. PMID 18620557.
  6. ^ Martinez D, Berka RM, Henrissat B, et al. (May 2008). "Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina)". Nat. Biotechnol. 26 (5): 553–60. doi:10.1038/nbt1403. PMID 18454138.