Trillium recurvatum

Trillium recurvatum
In Little Rock, Arkansas, showing recurved sepals

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Melanthiaceae
Genus: Trillium
Species:
T. recurvatum
Binomial name
Trillium recurvatum
Synonyms[2]
  • Phyllantherum recurvatum (L.C.Beck) Nieuwl.
  • Trillium unguiculatum Raf.
  • Trillium unguiculatum Nutt.

Trillium recurvatum, the prairie trillium,[3] toadshade,[4] or bloody butcher,[5] is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae.[3][5] It is native to parts of central and eastern United States, where it is found from Iowa south to Texas and east to North Carolina and Pennsylvania.[5][6] It grows in mesic forests and savannas, often in calcareous soils.[7][8] It is also known as bloody noses,[3] red trillium,[9] prairie wake-robin,[4] purple trillium,[10] and reflexed trillium,[11] in reference to its reflexed sepals.[11][10] T. recurvatum is a host plant as well as food source for several insects and mammals.[12][13][14]

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  12. ^ Sawyer, Neil W. (2010). "Reproductive Ecology of Trillium recurvatum (Trilliaceae) in Wisconsin". The American Midland Naturalist. 163 (1): 146–160. ISSN 0003-0031.
  13. ^ "Trillium recurvatum (Bloody Butcher, Prairie Trillium, Prairie Wake-robin, Toadshade, Wood Lily) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
  14. ^ Pavlovic, Noel B.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Grundel, Ralph (2014). Impacts of white-tailed deer on red trillium (Trillium recurvatum): defining a threshold for deer browsing pressure at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/sir20145070.