Triplet-triplet annihilation

A Jablonski diagram describing the mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation. The energy of the first triplet excited state (T1) is transferred to a second triplet excited state (T1), resulting in (1) the first T1 returning to the singlet ground state S0 and (2) the second T1 promoting to the singlet excited state (S1).

Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is an energy transfer mechanism where two molecules in their triplet excited states interact to form a ground state molecule and an excited molecule in its singlet state.[1] This mechanism is example of Dexter energy transfer mechanism.[2] In triplet-triplet annihilation, one molecule transfers its excited state energy to the second molecule, resulting in the first molecule returning to its ground state and the second molecule being promoted to a higher excited singlet state.[1]

Triplet-triplet annihilation was first discovered in the 1960s to explain the observation of delayed fluorescence in anthracene derivatives.[3][4][5][6]

  1. ^ a b Turro, Nicholas J. (2010). Modern molecular photochemistry of organic molecules. V. Ramamurthy, J. C. Scaiano. Sausalito, Calif. ISBN 978-1-891389-25-2. OCLC 396185412.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Monguzzi, A.; Tubino, R.; Meinardi, F. (2008-04-22). "Upconversion-induced delayed fluorescence in multicomponent organic systems: Role of Dexter energy transfer". Physical Review B. 77 (15): 155122. Bibcode:2008PhRvB..77o5122M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.155122. ISSN 1098-0121.
  3. ^ Parker, C. A.; Hatchard, C. G. (1962). "Delayed fluorescence from solutions of anthracene and phenanthrene". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 269 (1339): 574–584. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.269..574P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0197. S2CID 98155331.
  4. ^ Parker, C. A.; Hatchard, C. G. (1962). "Sensitized Anti-Stokes Delayed Fluorescence". Proc. Chem. Soc.: 386–387. doi:10.1039/PS9620000373.
  5. ^ Parker, C. A. (1963). "Sensitized P -type delayed fluorescence". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 276 (1364): 125–135. Bibcode:1963RSPSA.276..125P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1963.0197. S2CID 97502195.
  6. ^ Parker, C. A.; Joyce, Thelma A. (1967). "Delayed fluorescence of anthracene and some substituted anthracenes". Chemical Communications (15): 744. doi:10.1039/C19670000744.