Trung sisters' rebellion

Trung sisters' rebellion
Part of the southward expansion of the Han dynasty

The Trung sisters' rebellion depicted in a Đông Hồ folk painting titled "Trưng Vuơng trừ giặc Hán" (徴王除賊漢 - Trung Queens eliminating the Han enemies). Trưng Trắc (徴側) sits on white elephant and Trưng Nhị (徴貳) on black elephant, accompanied by weapon-toting Lạc Việt soldiers; Han soldiers are felled and dead; Han governor Su Ding (蘇定) looks back while fleeing. All wear anachronistic clothing.
Date40–43 CE (rebellion)
42–43 CE (Han intervention)
Location
Result Han victory
Belligerents
Han dynasty Lac Viet
Commanders and leaders
Su Ding (Governor)
Ma Yuan[a]
Liu Long
Trưng Trắc Executed[b]
Trưng Nhị Executed
Đô Dương Surrendered
Chu Bá Executed[2]
Strength
20,000 soldiers
2,000 tower-ships[1]
unknown
Casualties and losses
40–50% of Han soldiers (mostly from epidemic)[3] Trưng sisters' forces:
• several tens to hundreds killed;
• over 20,000 surrendered[4][5]
Đô Dương's forces:
• over 5,000 (both killed and surrendered);[4]
• over 300 exiled[6]
Chu Bá's forces:
• several tens to hundreds executed[2]

The Trưng sisters' rebellion was an armed civil uprising in the southern provinces (today Northern Vietnam) of Han China between 40 CE and 43 CE. In 40 CE, the Luoyue leader Trưng Trắc and her sister Trưng Nhị rebelled against Chinese authorities in Jiaozhi (in what is now northern Vietnam). In 42 CE, Han China dispatched General Ma Yuan to lead an army to strike down the Luoyue rebellion of the Trưng sisters. In 43 CE, the Han army fully suppressed the uprising and regained complete control. The Trưng sisters were captured and beheaded by the Han forces,[7][8] although Vietnamese chronicles of the defeat records that the two sisters, having lost to Han forces, decided to commit suicide by jumping down the Hát Giang river, so as not to surrender to the Han.[9][10][11]

  1. ^ a b Hou Hanshuvol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan"
  2. ^ a b Jiaozhou Waiyu Ji, as quoted in Li Daoyuan's Shuijing zhu vol. 37
  3. ^ Hou Hanshu, vol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan" quote: "軍吏經瘴疫死者十四五。"
  4. ^ a b Hou Hanshu, vol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan"
  5. ^ Hou Hanshu, vol. 22 "Account of Liu Long"
  6. ^ Hou Hanshu, Vol. 86 "Account of the Southern Barbarians"
  7. ^ Bielestein (1986), p. 271.
  8. ^ Yü (1986), p. 454.
  9. ^ "Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Complete History of Dai Viet)" (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  10. ^ "Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Complete History of Dai Viet)" (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  11. ^ Book 3: kỷ thuộc Tây Hán, kỷ Trưng Nữ Vương, kỷ thuộc Đông Hán, kỷ Sĩ Vương, book of History of Greater Vietnam (Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư)


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