Tsna (Tver Oblast)

Tsna
Location
Country	Russia
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Valdai Hills
Mouth	Lake Mstino
• coordinates	57°37′40″N 34°31′32″E / 57.62778°N 34.52556°E / 57.62778; 34.52556
Length	160 km (99 mi)
Basin size	4,140 km2 (1,600 sq mi)
Discharge
• average	12 m3/s (420 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Progression	Lake Mstino→ Msta→ Lake Ilmen→ Volkhov→ Lake Ladoga→ Neva→ Gulf of Finland

The Tsna (Russian: Цна) is a river in Kuvshinovsky, Ostashkovsky, Firovsky, and Vyshnevolotsky Districts of Tver Oblast of Russia. It flows into Lake Mstino, which is drained by the Msta and belongs to the drainage basin of the Neva and the Baltic Sea. It is 160 kilometres (99 mi) long, and the area of its basin 4,140 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi). The principal tributaries of the Tsna are the Belaya (right)^[1] and the Shlina, that flows into the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir [ru].^[2] In 1719, the river was dammed some 10 km above its mouth, creating the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir.

The source of the Tsna is located close to the drainage divide between Neva and Volga (Caspian Sea) drainage basins, and Tsna used to be an important trade route in the Middle Ages. The town of Vyshny Volochyok and the urban-type settlement of Velikooktyabrsky are located on the banks of the Tsna.

The source of the Tsna is located in the Valdai Hills, in Kuvshinovsky District south of the village of Konakovo. It flows south and southeast, and in the village of Mogilyovka turns north. A stretch of the Tsna forms the border between Kuvshinovsky and Ostashkovsky Districts, and a short stretch north of the first one forms the border between Kuvshinovsky and Firovsky Districts. North of this stretch, the Tsna enters Firovsky District and gradually turns northeast. Downstream of the village of Kuznetsovo, the Tsna enters Vyshnevolotsky District. Its mouth is by the village of Nikiforovo, where the Tsna joins the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir. The natural course of the Tsna proceeds to Lake Mstino, which is connected with the reservoir by a canal, however, currently the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir regulates the discharge between the drainage basins of the Volga (via the Tvertsa) and the Neva (via the Msta, which flows out of Lake Mstino).

The drainage basin of the Tsna includes the western part of Vyshnevolotsky District, the southern part of Firovsky District, and the northwestern part of Kuvshinovsky District, as well as minor areas in the east of Ostashkovsky District.

Historically, the Tsna was one of the most important waterways in medieval Russia, providing a connection from the Baltic Sea basin into the Caspian Sea basin via the Tvertsa. In the beginning of the 18th century the portage located in Vyshny Volochyok was replaced by a system of canals, Vyshny Volochyok Waterway.^[3]