| Turonian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Paleogeography of the late Turonian (90 Ma), showing the high sea level at the time | |||||||||
| Chronology | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Etymology | |||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the Ammonite Watinoceras devonense | ||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Rock Canyon, Colorado, USA 38°16′56″N 104°43′39″W / 38.2822°N 104.7275°W | ||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | September 2003[2] | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition candidates | FAD of the Inoceramid Bivalve Cremnoceramus rotundatus | ||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s) |
| ||||||||
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.[3]
At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event".[4] Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.[5]
- ^ International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS - Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org.
- ^ Kennedy, W. J.; I. Walaszczyk; W. A. Cobban (2005). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Turonian Stage of the Cretaceous: Pueblo, Colorado, U.S.A." (PDF). Episodes. 28 (2): 93–104. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i2/003.
- ^ See Gradstein et al. (2004) for a detailed description of the ICS' timescale
- ^ Cetean, Claudia G.; Balc, Ramona; Kaminski, Michael A.; Filipescu, Sorin (August 2008). "Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): preliminary observations". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia. 53 (1): 11–23. doi:10.5038/1937-8602.53.1.2.
- ^ Wiese, Frank; Kröger, Björn (January 1998). "Evidence for a shallowing event in the Upper Turonian (Cretaceous) Mytiloides scupini Zone of northern Germany". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 48 (3): 265–284. Retrieved 15 December 2023.