Tuvan People's Republic

Tuvan People's Republic
Тыва Арат Республика (Tuvan)
1921–1944
Anthem: 
Tuvan Internationale (1921–1944)[1]
Тыва Интернационал
"Tooruktug Dolgai Tangdym" (1944)[2]
Тооруктуг долгай таңдым
Blue line is the early border of the TPR Red line is the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast border
Blue line is the early border of the TPR
Red line is the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast border
Location of the Tuvan People's Republic (modern-day boundaries)
Location of the Tuvan People's Republic
(modern-day boundaries)
StatusSoviet satellite state
CapitalKyzyl
51°41′53″N 94°23′24″E / 51.698°N 94.390°E / 51.698; 94.390
Common languages
Religion
GovernmentUnitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic led by the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Party leader 
• 1921–1922 (first)
Mongush Nimachap
• 1932–1944 (last)
Salchak Toka
Head of state 
• 1921–1922 (first)
Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
• 1940–1944 (last)
Khertek Anchimaa-Toka
Head of government 
• 1923–1924 (first)
Mongush Buyan-Badyrgy
• 1941–1944 (last)
Saryg-Donggak Chymba
LegislaturePeople's Khural[3][4]
Historical eraInterwar period, World War II
• Independence
14 August 1921
• Absorbed by the USSR
11 October 1944
Population
• 1931[5]
82,200
• 1944[6]
95,400
CurrencyTuvan akşa
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Uriankhai Krai
Russian Occupation
Chinese Occupation
Tuvan AO
Today part ofRussia

The Tuvan People's Republic (TPR),[a][b] known simply as Tannu Tuva,[c] was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944.[10] The former country was located in the same territory as the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia, known as Uriankhai Krai, northwest of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation.

The Soviet Union and Mongolia were the only countries to formally recognize it during its existence, in 1924 and 1926 respectively.[11][12] After a period of increased Soviet influence, in October 1944, the polity was absorbed into the Russian SFSR (the largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union) at the request of the Tuvan parliament, ending 23 years of independence.

  1. ^ Where Rivers and Mountains Sing: Sound, Music, and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond, Volume 1. Indiana University Press. 2006. ISBN 0253347157.
  2. ^ Minahan, James (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. ABC-CLIO. p. 193. ISBN 978-0313344978. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  3. ^ "О министерстве" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  4. ^ "История парламентаризма в Республике Тыва" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Grebneva was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Новые исследования Тувы. Электронный журнал «Новые исследования Тувы» (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  7. ^ Otto Maenchen-Helfen. Journey to Tuva. Ethnographics Press, University of Southern California, 1992. ISBN 9781878986047 "Tuvan+Arat+Republic" p. 242 Archived 3 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ FBIS Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 126–132. 1992. "Tuvinian+Arat+Republic" p. 45 Archived 3 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Л. Спаткай. Гербы и флаги стран мира. Европа. Archived 3 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine Часть II. Litres, 2018. ISBN 9785040353170
  10. ^ Toomas Alatalu (1992). "Tuva: a State Reawakens". Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 881–895. doi:10.1080/09668139208412051. JSTOR 152275.
  11. ^ Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. Yale University Press. p. 87.
  12. ^ Paine, S.C.M. (1996). Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier. M.E. Sharpe. p. 329.


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