Tweed Courthouse

Old New York County Courthouse
New York City Landmark No. 1121, 1437
A close-up of the front steps and entrance portico of the Tweed Courthouse
The entry portico in 2010
Map
Location52 Chambers Street, Manhattan, New York, United States
Coordinates40°42′48″N 74°00′20″W / 40.71333°N 74.00556°W / 40.71333; -74.00556
Built1861–1872
1877–1881
ArchitectJohn Kellum, Leopold Eidlitz[2]
NRHP reference No.74001277[1]
NYSRHP No.06101.000065
NYCL No.1121, 1437
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 25, 1974[1]
Designated NHLMay 11, 1976[6]
Designated NYSRHPJune 23, 1980[3]
Designated NYCLOctober 16, 1984[4][5]

The Tweed Courthouse (also known as the Old New York County Courthouse) is a historic courthouse building at 52 Chambers Street in the Civic Center of Manhattan in New York City. It was built in the Italianate style with Romanesque Revival interiors. William M. "Boss" Tweed – the corrupt leader of Tammany Hall, a political machine that controlled the New York state and city governments when the courthouse was built – oversaw the building's erection. The Tweed Courthouse served as a judicial building for New York County, a county of New York state coextensive with the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is the second-oldest city government building in the borough, after City Hall.

The structure comprises pavilions to the east and west of a central section, as well as a rear wing to the south. Architect John Kellum and political appointee Thomas Little designed the first portion of the building, which was constructed from 1861 to 1872. Construction was interrupted in 1871 when Kellum died and the corruption involved in the building's construction was exposed to the public. The project was completed by architect Leopold Eidlitz, who added the rear wing and finished the interior between 1877 and 1881.

The media criticized the project as wasteful and gaudy during the courthouse's construction, and for a century after its completion, there were frequent proposals to demolish the building. Several modifications were made after completion, including removal of its front steps. Modern restoration and historic preservation were completed in 2001. The building has since housed the New York City Department of Education's headquarters on its upper floors and schools on its ground level. The Tweed Courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark, and its facade and interior are both New York City designated landmarks.

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