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| History of Mali |
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| Ghana Empire (c. 700 – c. 1200) |
| Gao Empire (9th century–1430) |
| Mali Empire (c. 1235–1670) |
| Songhai Empire (1464–1591) |
| Post-Imperial, 1591–1892 |
| French colonization |
| After Independence |
| Related topics |
 Mali portal |
The Twelve Doors of Mali[1][2] were the possessions of the Mansa (emperor) of the medieval Mali Empire which was established in c.. 1235 following The Battle of Kirina.[3] These lands were either allied to or conquered by Sundiata Keita (the first Emperor of Imperial Mali)[2] on his campaign to free the Mandinka heartland from the Sosso kingdom of Kaniaga.
- ^ Djeli Mamadou Kouyaté [in] Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali [in] Asante, Molefi Kete, The History of Africa: The Quest for Eternal Harmony, Routledge (2012), p. 130-131. ISBN 9781136752643 [1] (Retrieved 13 April 2019)
- ^ a b Thompson, Robert Farris, Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group (2010), p. 195, ISBN 9780307874337 [2] (Retrieved 13 April 2019)
- ^ Carruth, Gorton, The encyclopedia of world facts and dates, pp 167, 1192 HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, ISBN 006270012X