Tylosaurus

Tylosaurus
Mounted cast of the T. proriger "Bunker" specimen (KUVP 5033)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Clade: Mosasauria
Family: Mosasauridae
Clade: Russellosaurina
Subfamily: Tylosaurinae
Genus: Tylosaurus
Marsh, 1872
Type species
Tylosaurus proriger
(Cope, 1869)
Other species
  • T. nepaeolicus (Cope, 1874)
  • T. bernardi (Dollo, 1885)
  • T. gaudryi (Thevenin, 1896)
  • T. ivoensis (Persson, 1963)
  • T. iembeensis (Antunes, 1964)
  • T. pembinensis (Nicholls, 1988)
  • T. saskatchewanensis Jiménez-Huidobro et al., 2018
Disputed or unpublished
    • T. kansasensis Everhart, 2005
    • T. "borealis" Garvey, 2020
Synonyms
List of synonyms
  • Synonyms of genus
      • Elliptonodon Emmons, 1858
      • Liodon Cope, 1869
      • Rhamphosaurus Cope, 1872
      • Rhinosaurus Marsh, 1872
      • Hainosaurus(?) Dollo, 1885
    Synonyms of T. proriger
      • Macrosaurus proriger Cope, 1869
      • Macrosaurus pririger Cope, 1869
      • Liodon proriger Cope, 1869
      • Rhinosaurus proriger Marsh, 1872
      • Rhinosaurus micromus Cope, 1872
      • Tylosaurus dyspelor Leidy, 1873
      • Tylosaurus micromus Merriam, 1894
    Synonyms of T. nepaeolicus
      • Tylosaurus kansasensis Everhart, 2005
    Synonyms of T. bernardi
      • Hainosaurus bernardi Dollo, 1885
      • Leiodon anceps Deperet & Russo, 1925
    Synonyms of T. gaudryi
      • Mosasaurus gaudryi Thevenin, 1896
      • Hainosaurus bernardi Bardet, 1990
    Synonyms of T. ivoensis
      • Ichthyosaurus Nilsson, 1836
      • Mosasaurus hofmanni Nilsson, 1857
      • Mosasaurus camperi Schröder, 1885
      • Leiodon lundgreni Schröder, 1885
      • Mosasaurus giganteus Kuhn, 1939
      • Mosasaurus hoffmanni ivoensis Persson, 1963
      • Mosasaurus ivoensis Russell, 1967
      • Mosasaurus lemonnieri Lingham-Soliar, 1991
      • Hainosaurus ivoensis Lindgren, 1998
    Synonyms of T. iembeensis
      • Mosasaurus iembeensis Antunes, 1964
    Synonyms of T. pembinensis
      • Hainosaurus pembinensis Nicholls, 1988

Tylosaurus (/ˌtˈlˈsɔːrəs/; "knob lizard"[a]) is a genus of russellosaurine mosasaur (an extinct group of predatory marine lizards) that lived about 92 to 66 million years ago during the Turonian to Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Its fossils have been found primarily around North Atlantic Ocean including in North America, Europe, and Africa.

  1. ^ Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A. (2012), "Cretaceous", in Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G.; Schmitz, M. D.; Ogg, G. M. (eds.), The Geologic Time Scale, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 793–853, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, S2CID 127523816
  2. ^ Polycn, M.J.; Bell Jr., G.L.; Shimada, K.; Everhart, M.J. (2008). "The oldest North American mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas and Texas with comments on the radiation of major mosasaur clades". Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting: 137–155.
  3. ^ Abelaid Loera Flores (2013). "Occurrence of a tylosaurine mosasaur (Mosasauridae; Russellosaurina) from the Turonian of Chihuahua State, Mexico" (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 65 (1): 99–107. doi:10.18268/BSGM2013v65n1a8.
  4. ^ J.W.M. Jagt; J. Lindgren; M. Machalski; A. Radwański (2005). "New records of the tylosaurine mosasaur Hainosaurus from the Campanian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Poland". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 84 (Special Issue 3): 303–306. Bibcode:2005NJGeo..84..303J. doi:10.1017/S0016774600021077.
  5. ^ J.J. Hornung; M. Reich (2015). "Tylosaurine mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Germany". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 94 (1): 55–71. Bibcode:2015NJGeo..94...55H. doi:10.1017/njg.2014.31. S2CID 129384273.
  6. ^ Paulina Jiménez-Huidobro; Michael W. Caldwell (2019). "A New Hypothesis of the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea)". Frontiers in Earth Science. 7 (47): 47. Bibcode:2019FrEaS...7...47J. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00047. S2CID 85513442.
  7. ^ Louis L. Jacobs; Octávio Mateus; Michael J. Polcyn; Anne S. Schulp; Miguel Telles Antunes; Maria Luísa Morais; Tatiana da Silva Tavares (2006). "The occurrence and geological setting of Cretaceous dinosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles from Angola" (PDF). Paleontological Society of Korea. 22 (1): 91–110.
  8. ^ Norbert Keutgen; Zbigniew Remin; John W.M. Jagt (2017). "The late Maastrichtian Belemnella kazimiroviensis group (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) in the Middle Vistula valley (Poland) and the Maastricht area (the Netherlands, Belgium) – taxonomy and palaeobiological implications". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20.2.38A: 1–29. doi:10.26879/671.


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